[Analysis for the blood mineral content of children aged 3 to 12 years in 7 cities and 2 towns in China].

Objective: To investigate the status of blood mineral content of children aged 3 to 12 years in Chinese cities and countryside and explore the possible related influencing factors.

Methods: The multistage stratified cluster random sampling was used to select one kindergarten and one primary school in seven cities (Beijing and Guangzhou and so on) and two towns randomly. Firstly, we selected one bottom class, middle class, top class in one kindergarten and one second grade and fifth grade in one primary school randomly.

[Prevalence of self-reported allergy, food hypersensitivity and food intolerance and their influencing factors in 0-36 months old infants in 8 cities in China].

Objective: To measure the prevalence, the possible causes and the influencing factors of allergy, food hypersensitivity and food intolerance in 0-36 month old infants in 8 cities in China.

Method: Totally 2632 infants from the outpatient departments of prevention and health care of two representative hospitals in 8 Chinese cities were randomly selected by applying multistage cluster sampling method from October 2011 to March 2012, and a one-on-one survey to infants' parents was conducted to investigate infants' sensitization status.

Result: Self-reported infant allergy rate was 17.

Polyclonal origin of hormone-producing cell populations evaluated as a direct in situ demonstration in EGFP/BALB/C chimeric mice.

We report the first demonstration of the embryonal patch patterns of endocrine organs and the polyclonality of hormone-producing cell populations using chimeric mice produced by aggregation of C57BL/6-Tg(CAG-EGFP)C14-Y01-FM131Osb transgenic mice and BALB/C mice. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) analysis for enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and immunohistochemistry with anti-EGFP antibody revealed that all endocrine organs of chimeric mice had a mosaic appearance of EGFP-positive patches and EGFP-negative patches. The patches composed of EGFP-positive cells were distinctive in their size and shape.

Hypoxia-inducible adenosine A2B receptor modulates proliferation of colon carcinoma cells.

Extracellular adenosine regulates a wide variety of physiological processes by interacting with 4 adenosine receptor subtypes: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. However, little is known of their pathophysiological roles in human cancers. In this study, we examined the expression pattern of adenosine receptors in various colorectal tissues and human colon carcinoma cell lines and investigated the biologic functions regarding colon carcinogenesis.

Differential tissue expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein in 'green mice'.

In order to clarify tissue expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) in 'green mice' from a transgenic line having an EGFP cDNA under the control of a chicken beta-actin promoter and cytomegalovirus enhancer, we studied the expression of EGFP in various organs and tissues from these 'green mice' by immunohistochemistry with anti- EGFP antibody in conjunction with direct observation for EGFP fluorescence using confocal laser scanning microscopy. On immunohistochemical examination and on direct observation by confocal laser scanning microscopy, the level of EGFP expression varied among organs and tissues. EGFP expression was diffusely and strongly observed in the skin, pituitary, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, heart, gall bladder, pancreas, adrenals and urinary bladder.

Uterotrophic effects of cow milk in immature ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley rats.

Objectives: Milk contains considerable quantities of estrogens and progesterone and as such may be one of the risk factors for hormone-related cancers. To determine the hormonal effects of commercial and traditional types of milk, we performed uterotrophic tests.

Methods: Forty-five rats were ovariectomized and divided into three groups of 15 animals each.

Soy isoflavone intake increases bone mineral density in the spine of menopausal women: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background & Aims: The effects of isoflavones on bone loss appear inconsistent in randomized controlled trials. Therefore, we used a statistical method of combining these diverse data to clarify the effects of soy isoflavone intake on spine bone loss.

Methods: We identified randomized controlled trials related to the effects of soy isoflavone intake on spine bone mineral density or spine bone mineral content and performed meta-analysis with Review Manager 4.

Promoting effects of milk on the development of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary tumors in rats.

To assess the effect of milk on the development of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary tumors, 48 female Sprague-Dawley rats treated with DMBA were divided into 3 groups and given 1 of 3 test solutions for 20 weeks as their drinking liquid: milk, estrone sulfate solution or tap water. The milk group showed a significantly great incidence (75%) in tumor development compared with the water group (38%) and was comparable to the estrone sulfate group (69%). Mean tumor number per rat in the milk group was significantly higher than that in the water group (p=0.

Effect of milk on the 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]-anthracene-induced mammary tumor model in rat.

Milk may be one of the risk factors in the development of breast cancer from epidemiological investigations. Our study investigated the hormones and main ingredients in milk and assessed the effects of milk on the development of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary tumors in rats by comparing differences among three groups: commercial milk (C), traditional milk (T) or water (W). During the 20-weeks experiment the C and T groups showed higher incidences of mammary tumors than the W group.