The influence of hydrogen bonding on the structure of organic-inorganic hybrid catalysts and its application in the solvent-free epoxidation of α-olefins.

In this study, two types of catalysts were prepared by the combination of gemini quaternary ammonium salt with two distinct species of phosphotungstic acid. Catalysts prepared by the Wells-Dawson type of phosphotungstic acid and Keggin-type phosphotungstic acid both exhibited dual-phase catalytic behavior, demonstrating both heterogeneous and homogeneous catalytic activities. In comparison to the catalyst prepared by the Keggin-type phosphotungstic acid, due to the higher size of Wells-Dawson type of phosphotungstic acid, hydrogen bonding could not effectively affect the catalyst prepared by HPWO.

Study on the epoxidation of chain olefins using biquaternary ammonium phosphotungstic acid phase transfer catalysts under no-solvent condition.

In this study, we have developed a novel catalyst synthesized by phosphotungstic acid and a gemini quaternary ammonium cation salt. This quaternary ammonium salt not only reduces the interfacial tension between olefins and hydrogen peroxide but also forms a notably stable structure with phosphotungstic acid. Dodecene was successfully epoxidized to epoxy dodecane with a selectivity of 82.

Congenital heart disease-associated pulmonary dysplasia and its underlying mechanisms.

Clinical observation indicates that exercise capacity, an important determinant of survival in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD), is most decreased in children with reduced pulmonary blood flow (RPF). However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we obtained human RPF lung samples from children with tetralogy of Fallot as well as piglet and rat RPF lung samples from animals with pulmonary artery banding surgery.

[Cloning and function identification of gene 'admA' and up-stream regulatory sequence related to antagonistic activity of Enterobacter cloacae B8].

To reveal the antagonistic mechanism of B8 strain to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, transposon tagging method and chromosome walking were deployed to clone antagonistic related fragments around Tn5 insertion site in the mutant strain B8B. The function of up-stream regulatory sequence of gene 'admA' involved in the antagonistic activity was further identified by gene knocking out technique.

A Gaijin-like miniature inverted repeat transposable element is mobilized in rice during cell differentiation.

Background: Miniature inverted repeat transposable element (MITE) is one type of transposable element (TE), which is largely found in eukaryotic genomes and involved in a wide variety of biological events. However, only few MITEs were proved to be currently active and their physiological function remains largely unknown.

Results: We found that the amplicon discrepancy of a gene locus LOC_Os01g0420 in different rice cultivar genomes was resulted from the existence of a member of Gaijin-like MITEs (mGing).

Application of cDNA array for studying the gene expression profile of mature appressoria of Magnaporthe grisea.

Appressorium is an infection structure of the phytopathogenic fungus Magnaporthe grisea. Analysis of gene expression profiles of appressorium development provides insight into the molecular basis of pathogenicity and control of this fungal plant disease. A cDNA array representing 2927 unique genes based on a large EST (expressed sequence tag) database of M.

Identification of anrF gene, a homology of admM of andrimid biosynthetic gene cluster related to the antagonistic activity of Enterobacter cloacae B8.

Aim: To identify the gene (s) related to the antagonistic activity of Enterobacter cloacae B8 and to elucidate its antagonistic mechanism.

Methods: Transposon-mediated mutagenesis and tagging method and cassette PCR-based chromosomal walking method were adopted to isolate the mutant strain(s) of B8 that lost the antagonistic activity and to clone DNA fragments around Tn5 insertion site. Sequence compiling and open reading frame (ORF) finding were done with DNAStar program and homologous sequence and conserved domain searches were performed with BlastN or BlastP programs at www.

Identification and cloning of a submergence-induced gene OsGGT (glycogenin glucosyltransferase) from rice (Oryza sativa L.) by suppression subtractive hybridization.

A submergence-induced gene, OsGGT, was cloned from 7-day submerged rice (Oryza sativa L. plants, FR13A (a submergence-tolerant cultivar, Indica), using suppression subtractive hybridization and both 5'- and 3'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The full-length OsGGT cDNA contains 1,273 bp with an open reading frame of 1,140 bp (17-1,156) that encodes 379 amino acids.

[Analysis of gene expression profiles during host-Magnaporthe grisea interactions in a pair of near isogenic lines of rice].

A pair of near isogenic lines G205 and G71 were selected from recombinant inbred lines (RIL) of Zhong156 x Gumei2. On the resistance locus Pi-25(t), G205 had the resistant allele that was from Gumei 2 while G71 had the susceptible allele that was from Zhong156. For the genetic background, different alleles were detected on only 24 loci out of the 672 RFLP or SSLP loci surveyed.

Rapid Construction of Full-length cDNA Clones of Tobacco Mosaic Virus and the Infectivity Assay of Its in Vitro Transcript.

The full-length cDNA of tobacco mosaic virus faba bean isolate (TMV-B) was amplified with RT-PCR in which T7 promoter sequence was added in the 5' terminus of its upstream primer, so that full-length cDNA was put directly under the control of a T7 promoter. The cDNA was cloned into plasmid pT7Blue and linear DNA was got by digesting the recombinant with KpnI or KpnI and PstI. Using these linear DNA and full-length PCR product as templates, respectively, their in vitro transcripts were inoculated to Nicotiana tabacum and Chenopodium amaranticolor.

Complete Nucleotide Sequence and Possible Genomic Expression Strategy of a Chinese Isolate of Broad Bean Wilt Virus.

The complete nucleotide sequence of isolate B935 of the RNAs of broad bean wilt virus2 (BBWV2) was determined. RNA1 contained 5956 nucleotide (nt) residues in length exclusive the 3' terminal poly(A)tail, and encoded a single long open reading frame (ORF) with a molecular weight of 210 063 (210 kD). RNA2 was composed of 3 601 nt residues exclusive of the poly(A) at the 3' end, and encoded a single long ORF with a molecular weight of 119 002 (119 kD).