[Phenotypic drug discovery promotes research and development of innovative drugs based on traditional Chinese medicine].

Traditional Chinese medicine with rich resources in China and definite therapeutic effects on complex diseases demonstrates great development potential. However, the complex composition, the unclear pharmacodynamic substances and mechanisms of action, and the lack of reasonable methods for evaluating clinical safety and efficacy have limited the research and development of innovative drugs based on traditional Chinese medicine. The progress in cutting-edge disciplines such as artificial intelligence and biomimetics, especially the emergence of cell painting and organ-on-a-chip, helps to identify and characterize the active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine based on the changes in model characteristics, thus providing more accurate guidance for the development and application of traditional Chinese medicine.

A -mediated metabolic alteration participates in liver responses to low-dose bavachin.

Hepatotoxicity induced by bioactive constituents in traditional Chinese medicines or herbs, such as bavachin (BV) in has a prolonged latency to overt drug-induced liver injury in the clinic. Several studies have described BV-induced liver damage and underlying toxicity mechanisms, but little attention has been paid to the deciphering of organisms or cellular responses to BV at no-observed-adverse-effect level, and the underlying molecular mechanisms and specific indicators are also lacking during the asymptomatic phase, making it much harder for early recognition of hepatotoxicity. Here, we treated mice with BV for 7 days and did not detect any abnormalities in biochemical tests, but found subtle steatosis in BV-treated hepatocytes.

Thermo-responsive properties driven by hydrogen bonding in aqueous cationic gemini surfactant systems.

A series of unexpected thermo-responsive phenomena were discovered in an aqueous solution of the cationic gemini surfactant, 2-hydroxypropyl-1,3-bis(alkyldimethylammonium chloride) (n-3(OH)-n(2Cl), n = 14, 16), in the presence of an inorganic salt. The viscosity change trend for the 14-3(OH)-14(2Cl) system was investigated in the 20-40 °C temperature range. As the temperature increased, the viscosity of the solution first decreased to a minimum point corresponding to 27 °C, and then increased until a maximum was reached, after which the viscosity decreased again.

[Simultaneous Analysis of 18 Glucocorticoids in Surface Water].

A method of ultra-performance liquid chomatography tandam mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS) combined with solid-phase extraction (SPE) has been developed for simultaneous analysis of 18 glucocorticoids in surface water. The analytes were first enriched and purified through a HLB cartridge, and eluted with acetonitrile/ethyl acetate (1:1, V/V), then detected by UPLC-MS/MS. The detection used gradient elution process with methanol and 0.

[Preparation of red mud loaded Co catalysts: optimization using response surface methodology (RSM) and activity evaluation].

The removal efficiency of catalytic ozonation of bezafibrate (BZF) by red mud loaded Co catalysts (Co/RM) was used as the index value in statistical experimental designs. The most important factors influencing BZF degradation (P < 0.05) in water were dipping mass of cobalt and calcination temperature.

Formation and characteristics of aqueous two-phase systems formed by a cationic surfactant and a series of ionic liquids.

Aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) were obtained in the aqueous mixtures of a cationic surfactant and a series of ionic liquids (ILs). The effects of IL structure, temperature and additives on the phase separation were systematically investigated. The microstructures of some ATPS were observed by freeze-fracture replication technique.

[Influence of nitrate on the simultaneous methanogenesis and denitrification reaction of anaerobic biofilm and granular sludge].

The aims of this study are to further investigate the impact mechanism of nitrate on the simultaneous methanogenesis and denitrification (SMD) process of anaerobic biofilm, and to extend the application of the biofilm process in the treatment of high nitrogen and COD concentration organic wastewater. The SMD reactions were successfully carried out in a hybrid anaerobic biofilm and sludge reactor (HABSR) and an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB), and the influence of nitrate on the performance of simultaneous carbon and nitrogen removal in biofilm and granular sludge were investigated using batch tests. The results showed that the nitrate concentration could obviously affect the carbon and nitrogen removal in both biofilm and granular sludge, and the increase of nitrate concentration had more serious impact on the granular sludge, and the biofilm presented higher COD and nitrogen removal efficiency and stronger resistance to toxic materials than the granular sludge.

[Influence of reaction time of urea hydrolysis-based co-precipitation on the structure of ZnAl layered double hydroxides and the phosphate adsorption].

A series of ZnAl layered double hydroxides (LDHs) were prepared by urea hydrolysis-based homogeneous co-precipitation for studying their structure and phosphate adsorption capacities. The results show that all the samples exhibited a typical layered structure as the reaction time extended from 12 h to 96 h, whereas Zn/Al molar ratio in the ZnAls decreased from 2.06 to 0.

[Electrochemical degradation of 4-chlorophenol using a Pd/MWNTs catalytic electrode].

Nitric acid in various volume fraction (8%, 15%, 20%, and 68%) was used on the multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) pre-treatment and then the formaldehyde reduction method was utilized for the preparation the Pd/MWNTs catalysts which were fully characterized by Boehm titration method, X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and cyclic voltammetry(CV) techniques. The electrochemical degradation of 4-chlorophenol was investigated in a diaphragm electrolysis system using the Pd/MWNTs gas-diffusion cathode. The results indicated that the active organic function groups increased on the surface of the carbon nanotube pre-treated by using 68% nitric acid.

Poly[[(1,10-phenanthroline){μ(3)-2,2',2''-[1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyltris(sulfane-diyl)]triacetato}-cadmium] 0.42-hydrate].

The asymmetric unit of the title complex, {[Cd(C(9)H(7)N(3)O(6)S(3))(C(12)H(8)N(2))]·0.42H(2)O}(n), contains a Cd(II) atom, one doubly deprotonated 2,2',2''-[1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyltris(sulfanediyl)]triacetic acid ligand (HTTTA(2-)), a 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) ligand and a fractionally occupied water mol-ecule [site occupancy = 0.421 (15)].

3-(Pyridin-4-yl-thio)-pentane-2,4-dione.

In the title compound, C(10)H(11)NO(2)S, the acetyl-acetone group crystallizes in the keto form with all the non-hydrogen atoms in the acetyl-acetone group approximately co-planar with a maximum atomic deviation 0.055 (2) Å; the dihedral angle between the acetyl-acetone group and the pyridine ring is 85.90 (6)°.

Atmospheric concentrations, sources and gas-particle partitioning of PAHs in Beijing after the 29th Olympic Games.

A comprehensive sampling campaign was carried out to study atmospheric concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Beijing and to evaluate the effectiveness of source control strategies in reducing PAHs pollution after the 29th Olympic Games. The sub-cooled liquid vapor pressure (logP(L)(o))-based model and octanol-air partition coefficient (K(oa))-based model were applied based on each seasonal dateset. Regression analysis among log K(P), logP(L)(o) and log K(oa) exhibited high significant correlations for four seasons.

Seasonal and spatial variations of air concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Northeastern Chinese urban region.

Polyurethane foam disk passive air samplers were deployed along an urban-rural-background transect in a northeastern Chinese region (Harbin) to investigate the spatial and seasonal variations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The ∑₁₆PAHs concentrations [ng/(sample·day)] were high at urban sites (315 ± 206), followed by rural sites (222 ± 160), suburban site (142 ± 114) and background site (128 ± 107). The urban fractionation effect was observed along the transect with increasing proportions for low molecular weight PAHs and decreasing proportions for high molecular weight PAHs.

Dechlorane plus in multimedia in northeastern Chinese urban region.

Dechlorane plus (DP) was quantified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in soil and ambient air (collected from Harbin City, a typical northeastern Chinese urban region), water and sediment samples (collected in the segment within Harbin of Songhua River, located in northeast of China). The average concentrations of DP in sediment and soil samples were 123.6 pg g⁻¹ dry weight (dw), and 11.

Degradation mechanism of diethyl phthalate with electrogenerated hydroxyl radical on a Pd/C gas-diffusion electrode.

Using a self-made Pd/C gas-diffusion electrode as the cathode and a Ti/IrO(2)/RuO(2) anode, the degradation of diethyl phthalate (DEP) has been investigated in an undivided electrolysis device by electrochemical oxidation processes. Hydroxyl radical (HO) was determined in the reaction mixture by the electron spin resonance spectrum (ESR). The result indicated that the Pd/C catalyst in Pd/C gas-diffusion electrode system accelerated the two-electron reduction of fed O(2) to H(2)O(2), which is in favor of producing HO.

[Rapid startup and nitrogen removal characteristic of anaerobic ammonium oxidation reactor in packed bed biofilm reactor with suspended carrier].

Packed bed biofilm reactor with suspended carrier was used to cultivate ANAMMOX bacteria with sludge inoculums from WWTP secondary settler. The startup of ANAMMOX reactor was comparatively studied using high nitrogen loading method and low nitrogen loading method with aerobically biofilmed on the carrier, and the nitrogen removal characteristic was further investigated. The results showed that the reactor could be started up successfully within 90 days using low nitrogen loading method, the removal efficiencies of ammonium and nitrite were nearly 100% and the TN removal efficiencywas over 75% , however, the high nitrogen loading method was proved unsuccessfully for startup of ANAMMOX reactor probably because of the inhibition effect of high concentration of ammonium and nitrite.

Seasonal variations of sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to a northeastern urban city, China.

Understanding the seasonal variations of sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in air in urban region is important to the effective control of air pollution in the region. Based on a year round dataset (from August 2008 to July 2009), the sources of atmospheric PAHs in Harbin, a typical Chinese northeastern urban city, were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) and positive matrix factorization (PMF). The average total (gas plus particulate) PAH concentration varied from 6.

[Gaseous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Harbin air].

Polyurethane foam passive air samplers (PUF PAS) were fixed at eight sampling sites in Harbin Region concurrently to research atmospheric concentration and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Spring of 2007 (January to April). Results showed that the PUF PAS mostly absorbed the 3-4 ring PAHs, which accounted for 91.22%-96.

5-(Pyridin-4-yl)isophthalic acid.

In the title compound, C(13)H(9)NO(4), the two carb-oxy-lic groups and the benzene ring are approximately co-planar with a maximum atomic deviation 0.175 (4) Å, while the pyridine ring is oriented at a dihedral angle of 31.07 (18)° with respect to the benzene ring.

Treatment of antibiotic fermentation wastewater by combined polyferric sulfate coagulation, Fenton and sedimentation process.

Attempts were made in this study to examine the combined polyferric sulfate (PFS) coagulation, Fenton and sedimentation process for treatment of non-degradable antibiotic fermentation wastewater. The experimental results indicated that 66.6% of color and 72.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in topsoils of Harbin, China.

Levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in 17 topsoil samples collected in and around the city of Harbin, an industrial center in Northeast China for decades, are presented. Total concentrations (ng/g dry weight [dw]) ranged from 17 to 3,260 (mean: 508) for PAHs and 0.30 to 6.

[Stimulation of biodecolorization of direct yellow 11 by decolorization products of reactive black 5].

This study focused on the effects of decolorization products of reactive black 5 (RB5) on anaerobic decolorization of direct yellow 11 (DY11) by Rhodopseudomonas palustris W1 and its reaction mechanisms. The results showed that the decolorization products of RB5 could obviously accelerate biological decolorization rate of DY11. For initial concentration of 200 mg/L of DY11, the addition of decolorization products of RB5 resulted in that the decolorization kinetic constant K was increased from 17 mg/(L x h) to 42.

[Adsorption characteristics of Cd2+ and Zn2+ by extracellular polymeric substances with varied constituents from activated sludge].

Three types of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), EPS1, EPS2 and EP3, with protein/sugar content ratio of 2.5 : 1, 7 : 1 and 9 : 1, respectively, were investigated as sorbent for adsorbing Cd2+ and Zn2+ from wastewater. The experimental results showed that the adsorption efficiency of EPS toward Cd2+ and Zn2+ were dependent on the composition of EPS.

Formaldehyde degradation by UV/TiO2/O3 process using continuous flow mode.

The degradation of formaldehyde gas was studied using UV/TiO2/O3 process under the condition of continuous flow mode. The effects of humidity, initial formaldehyde concentration, residence time and ozone adding amount on degradation of formaldehyde gas were investigated. The experimental results indicated that the combination of ozonation with photocatalytic oxidation on the degradation of formaldehyde showed a synergetic action, e.

[Effects of pH on the surface characteristics and molecular structure of extracellular polymeric substances from activated sludge].

To understand the mechanisms of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) influencing sludge characteristics, change in constituents of extractable EPS from municipal wastewater and beverage wastewater sludge at various pH was investigated. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometry was used to analyze the effect of pH on the functional groups in EPS. Surface charge was measured by colloid titration.