[Plant Diversity Changes and Its Driving Factors of Abandoned Land at Different Restoration Stages in the Middle of the Qinling Mountains].

The process of vegetation restoration is often accompanied by significant changes in aboveground plant diversity. To explore the driving mechanism of litter nutrient-soil nutrient-enzyme activity stoichiometry on aboveground vegetation change is of great importance for maintaining regional biodiversity conservation and ecological stability. Taking typical abandoned farmland of different restoration years （1， 8， 16， 31， and 50 a） in the Qinling Mountains as the research object， the variation characteristics of plant community diversity during vegetation restoration were analyzed through field investigation.

[Extracellular Enzyme Stoichiometry and Microbial Metabolism Limitation During Vegetation Restoration Process in the Middle of the Qinling Mountains, China].

Clarifying the characteristics of soil microbial nutrient limitation and its driving mechanisms during vegetation restoration after farmland abandonment has important implications for revealing soil nutrient cycling and maintaining ecosystem stability. To determine the limitation of soil microbial nutrients and its relationship with soil properties along a chronosequence of abandoned farmland in the middle of the Qinling Mountains, the soil physicochemical properties and five enzyme activities (-1,4-glucosidase (BG), cellobiohydrolase (CBH), -1,4--acetylglucosaminidase (NAG), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), and acid phosphatase (AP)) were measured, and models of extracellular enzymatic activity were applied. The results showed that the activities of BG, CBH, NAG, LAP, and AP were significantly increased following farmland abandonment.

Awake craniotomy for auditory brainstem implant in patients with neurofibromatosis type 2: Four case reports.

Background: The auditory brainstem implant (ABI) is a significant treatment to restore hearing sensations for neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) patients. However, there is no ideal method in assisting the placement of ABIs. In this case series, intraoperative cochlear nucleus mapping was performed in awake craniotomy to help guide the placement of the electrode array.

[Impact of habitats on rodent-mediated seed fates of Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata.].

Disturbance is the driving force of forest succession, which can change forest structure and surface vegetation. Disturbance also affects rodent-mediated seed dispersal. In this study, numbered plastic tags were used to examine the responses of rodent dispersal behavior to the fates of Quercus aliena var.

Spirometric Reference Equations for Elderly Chinese in Jinan Aged 60-84 Years.

Background: The interpretation of spirometry varies on different reference values. Older people are usually underrepresented in published predictive values. This study aimed at developing spirometric reference equations for elderly Chinese in Jinan aged 60-84 years and to compare them to previous equations.

Isolation and diversity of natural product biosynthetic genes of cultivable bacteria associated with marine sponge Mycale sp. from the coast of Fujian, China.

The marine sponge Mycale sp., a potential source of natural bioactive products, is widely distributed along the coast of Fujian, China. The cultivable bacterial community associated with Mycale sp.

[Effects of relative abundance of Quercus mongolica acorns on five tree species seed dispersal in Xiaoxing' an Mountains, Northeast China].

An investigation was conducted in a forest farm in the Xiaoxing' an Mountains in autumn, 2009 and 2010 to study the effects of Quercus mongolica acorn quantity and rodent density on the seed dispersal of five tree species (Juglans mandshurica, Pinus koraiensis, Corylus mandshurica, Corylus heterophylla, and Q. mongolica). In the farm, there was an annual change in rodent density.

[Regeneration characteristics of woody plant seedlings in typical secondary forests in Qinling Mountains].

By using sampling plot method, an investigation was conducted on the regeneration characteristics of woody plant seedlings in five kinds of typical secondary forests (Pinus tabulaeformis, Quercus valiena var. acuteserrata, Betula albo-sinensis, Picea asperata, and Pinus armandii) in Qinling Mountains. There was an obvious species differentiation of woody plant seedlings and saplings in the forests.

[Species composition and point pattern analysis of standing trees in secondary Betula albosinensis forest in Xiaolongshan of west Qinling Mountains].

An investigation was conducted on the species composition and population diameter-class structure of a typical secondary Betula albo-sinensis forest in Xiaolongshan of west Qinling Mountains, and the spatial distribution pattern and interspecific correlations of the main populations were analyzed at multiple scales by the O-ring functions of single variable and double variables. In the test forest, B. albo-sinensis was obviously dominant, but from the analysis of DBH class distribution, the B.

[Regeneration characteristics and related affecting factors of Pinus tabulaeformis secondary forests in Qinling Mountains].

The study with sampling plot method showed that in Pinus tabulaeformis secondary forests in Qinling Mountains, there were 36 tree species in regeneration layer, occupying 51.4% of the total. The dominant species were Quercus glandulifera, Quercus aliena var.

[Effects of forest gap on herbaceous plant diversity in mixed birch-fir forest of Taibai Mountain].

To better understand the effects of forest gap on the herbaceous species community in a mixed birch-fir forest of Taibai Mountain in Qinling, CCA ordination and random permutation test were employed to analyze the distribution pattern of the species composition across a gradient of gap size, and the relationships between the distribution of 55 herbaceous species with > or = 5 individuals and the habitat variables (convexity, slope, and soil total N, total P, available N, available P, pH, and organic matter). In this forest, gap area occupied 19.8% of the total land area, gap density was 20.

Highly efficient and enantioselective biotransformations of racemic azetidine-2-carbonitriles and their synthetic applications.

Catalyzed by the Rhodococcus erythropolis AJ270 whole cell catalyst in neutral aqueous buffer at 30 degrees C, a number of racemic 1-benzylazetidine-2-carbonitriles, trans-1-benzyl-4-methylazetidine-2-carbonitrile, and 1-benzyl-2-methylazetidine-2-carbonitrile and their amide substrates underwent efficient and enantioselective biotransformations to afford the corresponding azetidine-2-carboxylic acids and their amide derivatives in excellent yields with ee up to >99.5%. The overall excellent enantioselectivity of the biocatalytic reactions stemmed from a combined effect of a very active but virtually nonenantioselective nitrile hydratase and a high R-enantioselective amidase involved in microbial whole cells.

Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in Babylonia areolata and cross-species amplification in Babylonia formosae habei.

Nine novel microsatellite primer pairs were presented for Babylonia areolata, representing the first microsatellite markers available for this genus. Levels of polymorphism were variable with 2 to 11 alleles per locus and expected heterozygosities ranging from 0.073 to 0.

A new strategy for the synthesis of 1,4-benzodiazepine derivatives based on the tandem N-alkylation-ring opening-cyclization reactions of methyl 1-arylaziridine-2-carboxylates with N-[2-bromomethyl(phenyl)]trifluoroacetamides.

A new method for the synthesis of novel 1,4-benzodiazepine derivatives has been established from a one-pot reaction of methyl 1-arylaziridine-2-carboxylates with N-[2-bromomethyl(aryl)]trifluoroacetamides. The reaction proceeds through the N-benzylation and highly regioselective ring-opening reaction of aziridine by bromide anion followed by Et3N-mediated intramolecular nucleophilic displacement of the bromide by the amide nitrogen. The easy availability of starting materials, simple and convenient synthetic procedure, and formation of functionalized 1,4-benzodiazepine scaffold ready for further chemical manipulations render this strategy useful in synthetic and medicinal chemistry.