Effects of Social Participation by Middle-Aged and Elderly Residents on the Utilization of Medical Services: Evidence From China.

Objectives: Aim to evaluate the effect of social participation on utilization of medical services among middle-aged and elderly residents in China.

Methods: We used data from the 2018 wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Social participation is classified into three types.

Trends in Socio-economic Inequality in Smoking Among Middle-aged and Older Adults in China: Evidence From the 2011 and 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.

Introduction: Socio-economic inequalities in smoking and related health problems are a public health concern worldwide. To support the development of effective tobacco control policies, this study examines trends in smoking rates according to socio-economic status (SES) in China.

Aims And Methods: We analyzed data from repeated cross-sectional China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) on adults aged ≥45 years for the years 2011 and 2018, which involved 16 471 participants in 2011 and 19 367 in 2018.