Identifying key influences on antibiotic use in China: a systematic scoping review and narrative synthesis.

Introduction: The inappropriate use of antibiotics is a key driver of antimicrobial resistance. In China, antibiotic prescribing and consumption exceed recommended levels and are relatively high internationally. Understanding the influences on antibiotic use is essential to informing effective evidence-based interventions.

Cluster randomised controlled trial to assess a tailored intervention to reduce antibiotic prescribing in rural China: study protocol.

Introduction: Up to 80% of patients with respiratory tract infections (RTI) attending healthcare facilities in rural areas of China are prescribed antibiotics, many of which are unnecessary. Since 2009, China has implemented several policies to try to reduce inappropriate antibiotic use; however, antibiotic prescribing remains high in rural health facilities.

Methods And Analysis: A cluster randomised controlled trial will be carried out to estimate the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of a complex intervention in reducing antibiotic prescribing at township health centres in Anhui Province, China.

Effects of cancer treatment on household impoverishment: a multicentre cross-sectional study in China.

Objectives: To determine the incidence and intensity of household impoverishment induced by cancer treatment in China.

Design: Average income and daily consumption per capita of the households and out-of-pocket payments for cancer care were estimated. Household impoverishment was determined by comparing per capita daily consumption against the Chinese poverty line (CPL, US$1.

Pathways of healthcare and antibiotics use following reported gastrointestinal illness: a cross-sectional study in rural Anhui, China.

Objective: To document the factors, and their pathways, that influence healthcare and antibiotics use following reported gastrointestinal illnesses in Anhui province, China.

Study Design: This study uses cross-sectional design, descriptive statistical analysis, pathway mapping and multivariate logistic regression modelling.

Setting: Households in 12 villages in Anhui province, China.

What are the clinical symptoms and physical signs for non-small cell lung cancer before diagnosis is made? A nation-wide multicenter 10-year retrospective study in China.

Background: Most lung cancer patients are diagnosed after the onset of symptoms. However, whether the symptoms of lung cancer were independently associated with the diagnosis of lung cancer is unknown, especially in the Chinese population.

Methods: We conducted a 10 years (2005-2014) nationwide multicenter retrospective clinical epidemiology study of lung cancer patients diagnosed in China.

Cross-sectional study of the use of antimicrobials following common infections by rural residents in Anhui, China.

Objective: To describe help seeking behaviour from a medical doctor and antimicrobial use for common infections among rural residents of Anhui province, China.

Design: A cross-sectional retrospective household survey.

Setting: 12 administrative villages from rural Anhui, China.

Lung cancer imaging methods in China from 2005 to 2014: A national, multicenter study.

Background: The study was conducted to examine changes in diagnostic and staging imaging methods for lung cancer in China over a 10-year period and to determine the relationships between such changes and socioeconomic development.

Methods: This was a hospital-based, nationwide, multicenter retrospective study of primary lung cancer cases. The data were extracted from the 10-year primary lung cancer databases at eight tertiary hospitals from various geographic areas in China.

Clinical characteristics and medical service utilization of lung cancer in China, 2005-2014: Overall design and results from a multicenter retrospective epidemiologic survey.

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the clinical profile and its trajectory of lung cancer on clinicopathological characteristics and medical service utilization in China.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with primary lung cancer in tertiary hospitals during 2005-14 were selected from seven geographic regions of China. Data on clinical characteristics and medical service utilization was extracted from medical record, and the ten-year trends were explored.

Pathways and cost-effectiveness of routine lung cancer inpatient care in rural Anhui, China: a retrospective cohort study protocol.

Introduction: Routine inpatient care (RIC) for patients with cancer forms various pathways of clinical procedures. Although most individual procedures comprising the pathways have been tested via clinical trials, little is known about the collective cost and effectiveness of the pathways as a whole. This study aims at exploring RIC pathways for patients with lung cancer from rural Anhui, China, and their determinants and economic impacts.

The relationship between demands for lung cancer screening and the constructs of health belief model: a cross-sectional survey in Hefei, China.

The aim of investigation is to explore the relationship between demands for lung cancer screening (LCS) and the constructs derived from the health belief model (HBM) in Hefei. The study collected data about socio-demographics, health beliefs in and demands for LCS during early June to later July 2015. By constructing a LCS demands HBM constructs, it calculated indices of demands for LCS (DSI) and HBM constructs, which include perceived risk (PR) and seriousness (PS) of the cancers; and perceived effectiveness (PE), benefits (PB) and difficulties (PD) of the screening.

A Scoring System to Predict Arm Lymphedema Risk for Individual Chinese Breast Cancer Patients.

Background: Lymphedema (LE) is recognized as a common complication after axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). Numerous studies have attempted to identify risk factors for LE. However, it is difficult to predict the probability of LE for an individual patient.

Enhancement of cellulose degradation in freshwater sediments by a sediment microbial fuel cell.

Objective: To demonstrate that an enhanced sediment microbial fuel cell (SMFC) system can accelerate the degradation of cellulose in fresh water sediments as the accumulation of cellulose in lake sediments may aggravate the lake marsh, increase organic matter content and result in rapid deterioration of water quality and damage the ecosystem.

Results: After 330 days the highest cellulose removal efficiency (72.7 ± 2.

Refining and validating a two-stage and web-based cancer risk assessment tool for village doctors in China.

The big gap between efficacy of population level prevention and expectations due to heterogeneity and complexity of cancer etiologic factors calls for selective yet personalized interventions based on effective risk assessment. This paper documents our research protocol aimed at refining and validating a two-stage and web- based cancer risk assessment tool, from a tentative one in use by an ongoing project, capable of identifying individuals at elevated risk for one or more types of the 80% leading cancers in rural China with adequate sensitivity and specificity and featuring low cost, easy application and cultural and technical sensitivity for farmers and village doctors. The protocol adopted a modified population-based case control design using 72, 000 non-patients as controls, 2, 200 cancer patients as cases, and another 600 patients as cases for external validation.

Modeling age-specific cancer incidences using logistic growth equations: implications for data collection.

Large scale secular registry or surveillance systems have been accumulating vast data that allow mathematical modeling of cancer incidence and mortality rates. Most contemporary models in this regard use time series and APC (age-period-cohort) methods and focus primarily on predicting or analyzing cancer epidemiology with little attention being paid to implications for designing cancer registry, surveillance or evaluation initiatives. This research models age-specific cancer incidence rates using logistic growth equations and explores their performance under different scenarios of data completeness in the hope of deriving clues for reshaping relevant data collection.

Association of risk of gastric cancer and consumption of tobacco, alcohol and tea in the Chinese population.

This study aimed at summarizing epidemiological research findings on associations between tobacco, alcohol and tea consumption and risk of gastric cancer (GC) in the Chinese population. The review searched PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and China Biology Medicine (CBM) databases and reference lists of review papers for all studies published in English or Chinese languages. Information extracted, via two independent researchers, from retrieved articles included first author, year of publication, study design, sample size, source of controls and adjusted odds ratio (OR) or relative risk (RR) with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each category.

Effect of carbon nanotube modified cathode by electrophoretic deposition method on the performance of sediment microbial fuel cells.

A multi-walled, carbon nanotube (MWNT)-modified graphite felt (GF) cathode was fabricated to improve the performance of sediment microbial fuel cells (SMFC). Three types of MWNT-modified GF cathodes were prepared by different electrophoretic deposition (EPD) times. Maximum power density of SMFC with MWNT-GF*** cathode at 60 min EPD was 215 ± 9.

Patterns and trends with cancer incidence and mortality rates reported by the China National Cancer Registry.

National cancer registration reports provide a huge potential for identifying patterns and trends of important policy, research, prevention and treatment significance. As summary reports written on an annual basis, the China Cancer Registry Annual Reports (CCRARs) fall short from fully addressing their potential. This paper attempts to explore part of the patterns and trends hidden behind published CCRARs.

Association between pancreatitis and subsequent risk of pancreatic cancer: a systematic review of epidemiological studies.

This study aimed to summarize published epidemiological evidence for the relationship between pancreatitis and subsequent risk of pancreatic cancer (PC). We searched Medline and Embase for epidemiological studies published by February 5th, 2014 examining the risk of PC in pancreatitis patients using highly inclusive algorithms. Information about first author, year of publication, country of study, recruitment period, type of pancreatitis, study design, sample size, source of controls and attained age of subjects were extracted by two researchers and Stata 11.

Total delay for treatment among cancer patients: a theory-guided survey in China.

Purpose: This study aimed at exploring treatment delay (TD) among cancer patients in China with an attempt to develop a practical methodology facilitating frontline Chinese clinicians in promoting earlier cancer diagnosis and treatment.

Materials And Methods: The study comprised framework development, qualitative interviews and paired factor rating. Framework development utilized systematic literature review, soft systems thinking and consensus groups.

Association between gestational diabetes mellitus and subsequent risk of cancer: a systematic review of epidemiological studies.

Purpose: This study aimed at summarizing epidemiological evidence of the association between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and subsequent risk of cancer.

Materials And Methods: We searched Medline, Embase, Cancer Lit and CINAHL for epidemiological studies published by February 1, 2014 examining the risk of cancer in patients with history of GDM using highly inclusive algorithms. Information about first author, year of publication, country of study, study design, cancer sites, sample sizes, attained age of subjects and methods used for determining GDM status were extracted by two researchers and Stata version 11.

[Comparison of two kinds of enzyme-linked immunosorbnent assay for detection of anti-hepatitis C].

Objective: To compare the difference of sensitivity and specificity on the results of the same samples determined by indirect ELISA and sandwich ELISA.

Methods: A 51 anti-HCV positive serum samples obtained from donors were screened by two indirect ELISA kits initially, and then were detected using one sandwich ELISA kit, and were confirmed by recombinent immunoblot assay (RIBA) and HCV-RNA.

Results: To compared with HCV-RNA, false positive rate of two kinds of indirect ELISA and one sandwich ELISA was 40.

Diagnostic value of rectal bleeding in predicting colorectal cancer: a systematic review.

This study aimed at summarizing published study findings on the diagnostic value of rectal bleeding (RB) and informing clinical practice, preventive interventions and future research areas. We searched Medline and Embase for studies published by September 13, 2013 examining the risk of colorectal cancer in patients with RB using highly inclusive algorithms. Data for sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio and positive predictive value (PPV) of RB were extracted by two researchers and analyzed applying Meta-Disc (version 1.

Ten year literature on psychological and behavioral interventions against cancer: a terms analysis.

We here performed a systematic review of PBIC literature using terms analysis in a hope of both identifying potential trends and patterns and exploring methods leveraging traditional literature reviews in this specific area. Articles meeting inclusion criteria were retrieved from PUBMED and translated into dichotomized article records representing presence or non-presence of MeSH terms and a metric consisting of numbers of times of co- occurrence between all pairs of terms identified using a self-designed program. The occurrence of and relations among the terms were calculated and visualized using Excel2007 and UCINET respectively.