Shape and Size Dependent Antimicrobial and Anti-biofilm Properties of Functionalized MoS.

Bacterial resistance, accelerated by the misuse of antibiotics, remains a critical concern for public health, promoting an ongoing exploration for cost-effective and safe antibacterial agents. Recently, there has been significant focus on various nanomaterials for the development of alternative antibiotics. Among these, molybdenum disulfide (MoS) has gained attention due to its unique chemical, physical, and electronic properties, as well as its semiconducting nature, biocompatibility, and colloidal stability, positioning it as a promising candidate for biomedical research.

Development of Nanomaterials-Based Agents for Selective Antibacterial Activity.

Bacterial infections continue to threaten public health due to limitations in rapid and accurate diagnostic techniques. While broad-spectrum antibiotics offer empirical treatment, their overuse has fuelled the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pathogens, posing a critical global public health challenge. In this critical scenario, nanomaterial-based antibacterial agents emerge as a promising solution to combat bacteria and inhibit their proliferation.

Evidence for a sex-dependent effect modification in the association between IFN-λ DNA polymorphisms and expression of IFN-λ and interferon-stimulated genes in human PBMCs.

Human interferon (IFN) lambda (IFNL, IFN-L or IFN-λ) locus has several functional genetic variants but their role in regulating in vivo gene expression, and whether they associate with antiviral states in healthy individuals, is not clear. In this study, we recruited ∼550 healthy individuals belonging to both sexes, genotyped them for several IFNL genetic variants and measured, by qPCR, the expression of IFNL2/3, IFNL4 and four IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) (MX1, OAS1, ISG15 and RSAD2) from their peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) both before and after stimulation with a viral mimic, poly I: C. We also measured secreted levels of several cytokines including IFN-λ1 and IFN-λ3 in poly I:C stimulated PBMCs.

Multistep Array-Based Sensing of Bioanalytes Using Modified MoS, Fluorescence Proteins, and Cucurbituril.

One pot sensor by multiplexing in the array is an attractive system for rapid discrimination of multiple analytes. Multiplexing can be achieved in two ways, i.e.

Host-Guest Interactions Induced Enhancement in Oxidase-Like Activity of a Benzothiadiazole Dye Inside an Aqueous PdL Barrel.

The effect of host-guest interactions on the chemistry of encapsulated molecules is a fascinating field of research that has gained momentum in recent years. Much of the work in this field has been focused on the effect of such interactions on catalysis and photoluminescence of encapsulated dyes. However, the effect of such interactions on related photoinduced processes, such as photoregulated oxidase-mimicking activity, has not been explored much.

Primary Tumour Detection in Carcinoma of Unknown Primary with Transoral Robotic Surgery (TORS) Tongue Base Mucosectomy: A Meta-analysis.

Background: Head and neck carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) represents a challenging diagnostic process when standard work-up fails to identify the primary tumour site. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the diagnostic utility and complication profile of transoral robotic surgery (TORS) tongue base mucosectomy (TBM) in the management of CUP.

Patients And Methods: An electronic database search was performed in the EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed and Cochrane databases.

Simultaneous bioremediation of diesel-contaminated soil and water ecosystems using mixed culture of IITG19 and IITG20.

Diesel degradation and bacterial growth were investigated in soil, marine water, and freshwater ecosystems using IITG19, IITG20, and their mixed culture. Both bacteria were found to be effective in all three ecosystems, with the best degradation occurring in freshwater. IITG19 showed higher degradation (59%, 62%, and 76%) than (31%, 57%, and 67%) in soil, marine water, and freshwater, respectively.

Quality of life outcomes comparing primary Transoral Robotic Surgery (TORS) with primary radiotherapy for early-stage oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Transoral Robotic Surgery (TORS) and radiotherapy are considered oncologically equivalent primary treatment options for early-stage HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). Quality of Life (QoL) and Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) are therefore imperative in supporting clinical decision-making and optimising patient-centred care. The aim of this article is to evaluate how these primary treatment modalities compare in terms of QoL.

Reversing the Trend: Deciphering Self-Assembly of Unconventional Amphiphiles Having Both Alkyl-Chain and PEG.

In the field of molecular self-assembly, the core of an assembly is always made up of hydrophobic moiety like a long alkyl chain, whereas the outer part has always been a hydrophilic moiety such as poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), or charged species. Hence, reversing the trend to manifest self-assembled structures with a PEG core and a surface consisting of alkyl chains in aqueous system is incredibly challenging. Herein, we architected a unique class of cationic bolaamphiphiles containing low molecular weight PEG and alkyl chains of different lengths.

MEK1/2 inhibition decreases pro-inflammatory responses in macrophages from people with cystic fibrosis and mitigates severity of illness in experimental murine methicillin-resistant infection.

Chronic pulmonary bacterial infections and associated inflammation remain a cause of morbidity and mortality in people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF) despite new modulator therapies. Therapies targeting host factors that dampen detrimental inflammation without suppressing immune responses critical for controlling infections remain limited, while the development of lung infections caused by antimicrobial resistant bacteria is an increasing global problem, and a significant challenge in CF. Pharmacological compounds targeting the mammalian MAPK proteins MEK1 and MEK2, referred to as MEK1/2 inhibitor compounds, have potential combined anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory effects.

IFN-λ3 is induced by and can inhibit parasite growth in cell line models but not in the mouse model, while it shows a significant association with leishmaniasis in humans.

The intracellular protozoan parasite causes debilitating human diseases that involve visceral and dermal manifestations. Type 3 interferons (IFNs), also referred to as lambda IFNs (IFNL, IFN-L, or IFN-λ), are known to play protective roles against intracellular pathogens at the epithelial surfaces. Herein, we show that induces IFN-λ3 in human as well as mouse cell line-derived macrophages.

Thiol ligand-mediated exfoliation of bulk sulfur to nanosheets and nanodots: applications in antibacterial activity.

Reducing bulk materials to layers or dots results in profound alterations in their physiochemical and optoelectronic properties, leading to a wide array of applications, spanning from device manufacturing to biomedicine. In this regard, the preparation of sulfur nanomaterials has garnered significant attention due to their low toxicity. Traditional methods for sulfur nanomaterial synthesis often involve harsh reaction conditions, leaving a gap for convenient approaches to create nanomaterials, such as nanosheets (NSs) and nanodots (NDs).

Surface-Engineered Nanomaterials for Optical Array Based Sensing.

Array based sensing governed by optical methods provides fast and economic way for detection of wide variety of analytes where the ideality of detection processes depends on the sensor element's versatile mode of interaction with multiple analytes in an unbiased manner. This can be achieved by either the receptor unit having multiple recognition moiety, or their surface property should possess tuning ability upon fabrication called surface engineering. Nanomaterials have a high surface to volume ratio, making them viable candidates for molecule recognition through surface adsorption phenomena, which makes it ideal to meet the above requirements.

Patient-perceived dysphagia and voice change post thyroid surgery: a telephone questionnaire.

Objective: This study analyses the incidence of subjectively experienced dysphagia and voice change in post-thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy patients without recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy.

Methods: A total of 400 patients were invited to participate in a telephone questionnaire based on the Dysphagia Handicap Index and Voice Handicap Index. At 6-24 months following surgery, participants were divided into: post-thyroid surgery (total, hemi-, parathyroidectomy) groups and controls (other ENT procedures).

2D-MoS-supported copper peroxide nanodots with enhanced nanozyme activity: application in antibacterial activity.

Peroxidase (POD)-like nanozymes are an upcoming class of new-generation antibiotics that are efficient for broad-spectrum antibacterial action. The POD-like activity employs the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which have been utilized for bactericidal action. However, their intrinsic low catalytic activity and stability limit their bactericidal properties.

Semiconductor Quantum Dots Act as Photocatalysts for Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation: Selective Functionalization of Xanthene's 9H Position.

The potential of CdSe, CdS, MoS, and WS QDs as semiconductor photocatalysts for selective functionalization of the xanthene 9H position through carbon-carbon bond formation has been investigated. Our study reveals valuable insights into the energy-transfer and electron-transfer pathways involved in these reactions, as well as the radical polar crossover (RPC) and triplet-to-triplet energy transfer (TTEnT) processes. Notably, this approach offers a range of intriguing features, including visible-light-mediated processes, inexpensive catalytic systems, mild reaction conditions, broad substrate scope, unfunctionalized starting materials, and suitability for gram-scale synthesis.

Post-functionalization of sulfur quantum dots and their aggregation-dependent antibacterial activity.

Sulfur quantum dots (SQDs) have emerged as an intriguing class of luminescent nanomaterial due to their exceptional physiochemical and optoelectronic properties. However, their biomedical application is still in its infancy due to the limited scope of their surface functionalization. Herein, we explored the surface functionalization of SQDs through different thiol ligands with tuneable functionality and tested their antibacterial efficacy.

Synthesis of biologically important tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) motifs using quantum dot photocatalyst and evaluation of their anti-bacterial activity.

Our study introduces an efficient photocatalytic approach for synthesizing biologically significant C1-substituted tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) motifs, employing WS quantum dots (QDs) as catalysts. This method enables the formation of C-C and C-P bonds at the C1 position of the THIQ motif. The resulting compounds exhibit substantial antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant (MRSA) bacteria, with low minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values.

Evaluation of community-based care delivered by primary healthcare providers in management of hypertension in a rural area of West Bengal.

Background: Lifestyle modifications and medication compliance are key strategies.

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of community-based care delivered by trained primary healthcare providers in management of hypertension.

Materials And Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted between two groups of newly diagnosed hypertensive patients to evaluate the impact of an educational intervention.

012 facets modulated LDH composite for neurotoxicity risk assessment through direct electrochemical profiling of dopamine.

Rising concerns of pesticide-induced neurotoxicity and neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and Multiple Sclerosis, are exacerbated by overexposure to contaminated waterbodies. Therefore, evaluating the risk accurately requires reliable monitoring of related biomarkers like dopamine (DA) through electrochemical detection. Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have shown great potential in sensors.

Pedicled anterolateral thigh flap: A versatile flap for complex regional defect reconstruction.

Objectives: Soft-tissue defects of the lower abdomen, perineum, groin, and trochanteric area often involve the loss of composite tissue components and are technically challenging to reconstruct. The goals of reconstruction should include the replacement of the defect with a suitable soft-tissue flap that provides stable coverage while protecting important exposed structures. However, there are limited locations in this region for the creation of pedicled flaps for complex defect reconstruction.