Clinical Presentation and WES Analysis of a Large Iranian Pedigree in Five Successive Generation Affected to Sever Multiple Synostosis 2 (SYNS2, Farhud Type).

Background: Bone Morphogenetic Proteins and the related Growth and Differentiation Factors (GDFs) are much conserved signaling proteins. GDF5 is pivotal for skeletal development. Several skeletal dysplasia and malformation syndromes are known as a result of mutations in .

Tuberculosis in Human Bones from 4000 Years Ago, Iran.

Background: Tuberculosis is caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is a contagious and infectious disease; in the first stage, it destroys the lungs and in the next stage other body organs, such as the spine and long bones. This disease is transmitted through an infected person and due to the weakness of the immune system, the infection intensifies. Tuberculosis has two stages: low activity and high activity.

Tracking of Infectious Diseases and Deadly Injuries through Signs Observed in Excavated Human Skeletons of 2000 BC/Iron Age in Iran.

Background: Throughout history, many wars have occurred for various reasons, and many empires and kings have fallen or many people killed by wars. Wars were not always due to the conquest of the country. in the Iron Age, societies were governed by tribes at the head of the tribe, and war was only for to seize property, slaves, and food.

Investigation of and of Gene in Individuals with Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease in Iran.

Background: We aimed to investigate two polymorphisms, and of in Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods: In the present case-control research, we collected blood samples from 117 AD patients and 130 controls from Alzheimer's Hospital, residents of Tehran, Iran during the winter 2020 to autumn 2022. Following extraction of DNA, Genotyping of polymorphisms and were examined by sequencing and ARMS/PCR approaches.

Oral Infections in Ancient Human Skulls in 2000 BC/Iron Age, Iran.

Background: Oral infections have been seen in humans since ancient times. Excessive penetration of this infection can cause human death. Most of these infections are gum cysts and abscesses.

Mutation Related to Nose Deformity with Variable Expression in Holoprosencephaly in an Iranian Family: A Case Report.

Holoprosencephaly, a complicated brain abnormality arising from incomplete prosencephalon cleavage, affects both the forebrain and the face. Holoprosencephaly Type 11, with variable expression or partial penetrance, is caused by pathogenic variants associated with the disrupted Sonic Hedgehog ()-pathway. Herein, we aimed to describe a family with genetic nose problems.

Executive Functions and Public Health: A Narrative Review.

Executive functions (EFs) skills are necessary for regulating the thoughts, emotions, and actions which are associated with many aspects of daily functioning. Executive dysfunction (EDFs) is present in a wide range of mental disorders. New study indicates that EFs may predict health behavior and make it easier to engage in a variety of healthy activities.

CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Knockout in Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Cell-lines: Optimization and Validation.

Background: Medullary Thyroid Cancer (MTC) is a very aggressive type of thyroid carcinoma. Mutation in proto-oncogene is demonstrated in MTC development. We aimed to knock-out of -oncogene using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing method in MTC cell-lines.

SARS-COV-2 Notable Mutations and Variants: A Review Article.

SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19) the virus that caused an epidemic of sever acute respiratory syndrome is what the world has been dealing with since Dec 2019. As the pandemic continues different variants that emerge during mutations have become the latest concern, with notable examples detected in South Africa, Brazil, and UK. Variants are complicated and each one is a collection of several mutations, all of which have the potential to change the virus in unexpected ways.

In-Vitro Fertilization Impact on the Risk of Breast Cancer: A Review Article.

Background: Due to the increasing prevalence of infertility, the number of referrals to infertility treatment centers has also increased. Nowadays, assisted reproductive technology (ART), including in vitro fertilization (IVF), is a treatment for infertility or genetic problems. Considering the possible consequences of this method among women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) and kids conceived by IVF, extensive research has been conducted in this regard.

CRISPR Pioneers Win 2020 Nobel Prize for Chemistry.

Over the last few years, the development of genome editing has revolutionized research on the human genome. Recent advances in developing programmable nucleases, such as meganucleases, ZFNs, TALENs and Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas, has greatly expedited the progress of gene editing from concept to clinical practice. The CRISPR has advantages over other nuclease-based genome editing tools due to its high accuracy, efficiency, and strong specificity.

Comprehensive Survey of Plagiarism in Iran.

Background And Objective: We conducted this study to assess the prevalence of plagiarism and to shed light on some dark aspects of this issue. The main objectives included to find out the etiology, prevalence, and detection of various forms plagiarism.

Methods: In this Cross-sectional study we used a questionnaire, face-to-face interview, analyzing the present notifications and codes, websites, and literature review.

A Homozygote Mutation in Gene in an Iranian Patient with Oguchi Type One: A Case Report.

Oguchi disease is a rare autosomal recessive form of congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB) characterized by specific features such as golden-brown discoloration of the fundus called Mizuo-Nakamura phenomenon which is distinguishable by fundoscopy, and retinography. Clinical diagnosis is confirmed through genetic test. Two known genes in pathogenesis of Oguchi disease are and GRK1.