Effect of different freezing conditions on ice crystal formation behavior and ice-growth inhibition by cryoprotectants.

Background: The formation of ice crystals will have adverse effects on aquatic products, and the key to ensure the long-term preservation and better quality preservations of the product is to evaluate the intercellular ice crystal formation to find suitable refrigeration conditions and cryoprotectants.

Results: The ice crystal formation was successfully captured by using an inverted microscope cryomicroscopic system equipped with a low-temperature stage, the ice crystals formed under different freezing methods between tuna muscle cells were observed directly, the deformation degree of muscle tissue pores during crystallization was evaluated, and the effect of freeze-thaw times on tuna samples was analyzed. The effects of the use of cryoprotectant such as cellobiose and carboxylated cellulose nanofibers on ice-growth inhibition were investigated, and the reliability of the ice crystal observation results was further verified by the determination of physical properties.

Mini Endoscopic Septoplasty for High Localized Nasal Septum Deviation: Surgical Technique, Outcomes, and Comparison With Regular Septoplasty.

Objectives: This prospective cohort study aimed to describe the technique of mini endoscopic septoplasty for patients with a high localized nasal septum deviation in front of the middle turbinate and chronic sinusitis or nasal sinus fungus ball. Our primary objective was to investigate the indications and outcomes of this procedure, and the secondary objective was to compare it with regular endoscopic septoplasty.

Methods: Patients with chronic sinusitis or nasal sinus fungus ball and high localized nasal septum deviation underwent mini endoscopic septoplasty, while those with a broad deviation of the nasal septum underwent regular endoscopic septoplasty.

Endoscopic endonasal transpterygoid nasopharyngectomy: Anatomical considerations and technical note.

Background: The study was designed to identify new landmarks in the parapharyngeal segment of the internal carotid artery (ICA) for nasopharyngectomy and describe a surgical procedure of endoscopic endonasal transpterygoid nasopharyngectomy (EETPN).

Methods: Four cadaveric specimens were injected with colored silicone and subjected to CT scanning before dissection. The nasopharyngeal skull base was exposed using the endoscopic endonasal transpterygoid approach.

Observation on the ice crystal formation process of large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) and the effect of multiple cryoprotectants pre-soaking treatments on frozen quality.

By observing the formation behavior of ice crystals, the quality of food products under different freezing conditions can be intuitively judged. In this paper, large yellow croaker was taken as the research object, and a novel cryomicroscopic system was developed to directly observe the structure of ice crystals during the freezing process. The cryoprotective effects of 4% sucrose +4% sorbitol (SU + SO), 4% xylo-oligosaccharide (XO), 4% xylo-oligosaccharide + 0.

Application of a Novel Versatile Mini Posterior Nasoseptal Graft in Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Pituitary Adenoma Surgery.

Background: Skull base reconstruction is a key technique in patients undergoing endoscopic transnasal skull base surgery. Although a pedicled nasoseptal flap (PNSF) is often used to repair large skull base defects with high-flow cerebrospinal fluid leakage, bone exposure of the donor site of the PNSF can result in long-term crusting.

Objective: To design a novel and versatile mini posterior nasoseptal graft for the reconstruction of defects in the sellar floor or PNSF or pedicled nasoseptal rescue flap (PNSRF) donor site in patients undergoing pituitary adenoma surgery.

Recent advances on air heating system of cabin for pure electric vehicles: A review.

Due to the environmental protection and energy shortage, the electric vehicles (EV) is gradually replacing traditional fuel vehicles. EV generally use more energy for air conditioning system, especially EV have almost no waste heat from engine to be discharged to the passenger compartment to achieve thermal comfort in heating condition. The energy consumption of the heating system for EV will decrease the maximum mileage.

Evaluation on the effect of ice glazing with different compound additives on the quality of frozen stored (-23 °C) large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea).

Background: Compounded ice glazing has been used in large yellow croaker to improve its quality during frozen storage. The ice glazing liquid is prepared by compound use of trehalose and tea polyphenols, and the moisture, protein-related properties and freshness of the fish have been evaluated during 300 days of frozen storage.

Results: The results showed that the addition of trehalose effectively reduced the loss of water.

Comparison of Endoscopic Endonasal Approach and Lateral Microsurgical Infratemporal Fossa Approach to the Jugular Foramen: An Anatomical Study.

 The jugular foramen is one of the most challenging surgical regions in skull base surgery. With the development of endoscopic techniques, the endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) has been undertaken to treat some lesions in this area independently or combined with open approaches. The purpose of the current study is to describe the anatomical steps and landmarks for the EEA to the jugular foramen and to compare it with the degree of exposure obtained with the lateral infratemporal fossa approach.

Trans-Nasion-Complex Approach for Endoscopic Modified Lothrop Procedure: Conception, Anatomy, and Technique.

Background: The endoscopic modified Lothrop procedure (EMLP) is an important procedure used to address frontal and anterior skull-base lesions. Two techniques were established, namely, the inside-out approach and the outside-in approach. The former technique take the frontal recess and the first olfactory filament (FOF) as key landmarks while the latter use the FOF as posterior boundary.

Simultaneous Endoscopic Endonasal Decompression of the Optic Canal, Superior Orbital Fissure, and Proper Orbital Apex for Traumatic Orbital Apex Syndrome: Surgical Anatomy and Technical Note.

Objectives: Traumatic orbital apex syndrome (TOAS) is an uncommon but severe ocular complication of craniomaxillofacial fracture. The optimal surgical strategy for TOAS has not been determined. To investigate the endoscopic anatomy of the orbital apex region, propose a protocol for simultaneous endoscopic endonasal decompression of the optic canal, superior orbital fissure, and proper orbital apex (EEDCFA) for TOAS and report its use in two patients.

Influence of Multifrequency Ultrasound-Assisted Freezing on the Flavour Attributes and Myofibrillar Protein Characteristics of Cultured Large Yellow Croaker ().

The influence of multifrequency ultrasound-assisted freezing (UAF) as compared with single- and dual-UAF on the flavour, microstructure, and myofibrillar proteins (MPs) of cultured large yellow croaker was investigated to improve food quality in a sustainable way and address the major global challenges concerning food and nutrition security in the (near) future. Multifrequency UAF-treated samples had lower total volatile basic nitrogen values during freezing than single- and dual-UAF-treated samples. Thirty-six volatile compounds were identified by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) during freezing, and the multifrequency UAF-treated samples showed significant decreases in the relative contents of fishy flavoured compounds, including 1-penten-3-ol and 1-octen-3-ol.

The quality properties of frozen large yellow croaker fillets during temperature fluctuation cycles: improvement by cellobiose and carboxylated cellulose nanofibers.

Frozen aquatic products undergo unavoidable quality changes owing to temperature fluctuations during frozen storage and distribution. This study investigated the effects of 1% cellobiose (CB), and 0.5 and 1% carboxylated cellulose nanofibers (CNF) on ice crystal growth and recrystallization of frozen large yellow croaker fillets exposed to temperature fluctuations.

Transnasal Endoscopic Retrieval of a Metallic Intraorbital Intraconal Foreign Body Facilitated by an Intraoperative Magnetic Stick.

Here, we report the case of an intraorbital intraconal foreign body that was successfully retrieved by a transnasal endoscopic approach facilitated intraoperatively by a magnetic stick. A 36-year-old man was admitted to our unit with a left-sided intraorbital intraconal metallic foreign body. Following 2 failed attempts via a transconjunctiva approach, we finally recovered the foreign body using transnasal endoscopic surgery.

Stabilization of G-quadruplex DNA and inhibition of Bcl-2 expression by a pyridostatin analog.

The G-quadruplexes located in the P1 promoter of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) gene are implicated to regulate Bcl-2 expression. Here, we designed a new pyridostatin analog named PDF, which exhibited high specificity and stabilizing effect toward G-quadruplexes. The luciferase assay demonstrated that PDF could significantly suppress Bcl-2 transcriptional activation in human laryngeal squamous carcinoma cells (Hep-2) cells.

[Surgical anatomy, technique and application of endoscopic endonasal transpterygoid approach in skull base surgery].

Objective: To identify the landmarks of transpterygoid approach and to report its application in a series of cases.

Methods: Two silicon-injected adult cadaveric heads(4 sides) were dissected by performing an endoscopic endonasal transpterygoid approach after CT scanning for imaging guidance. High-quality pictures were obtained.

Lateral tarsal artery flap: an option for hypopharyngeal reconstruction in patients with hypopharyngeal carcinomas after surgery.

Background: Hypopharyngeal reconstruction following resection of hypopharyngeal carcinoma has utilized local, regional and free tissue transfer flap options. No single surgical technique is currently in use for hypopharyngeal reconstruction that is applicable to all patients. In this article, we introduce the application of the lateral tarsal artery flap (LTA flap) as a reconstructive option following hypopharyngeal oncologic ablation.

[Transnasal endoscopic anatomy of the clivus and approaches consideration].

Objective: In-depth understanding of endoscopic anatomy of the skull base is the cornerstone of the development of endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery. The purpose of this study is to explore the anatomical landmarks of the clivus for endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery.

Method: Eight silicon-injected adult cadaveric heads (16 sides) were dissected performing endoscopic endonasal approach.

Immunoglobulin G4-related disease in the skull base mimicking nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a rare clinical condition. Although it has been described in the head and neck region, skull base involvement is exceedingly uncommon. We present a clinical report of a patient with IgG4-RD of the skull base that mimicked nasopharyngeal cancer.

[Immediate recurrent laryngeal nerve reconstruction in the treatment of thyroid cancer invading the recurrent laryngeal nerve].

Objective: To explore the application of immediate recurrent laryngeal nerve reconstruction in the treatment of thyroid cancer invading the recurrent laryngeal nerve.

Methods: Ten patients with thyroid cancer invading unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve underwent radical surgery and immediate recurrent laryngeal nerve reconstruction. The reconstructive surgical approach included recurrent laryngeal nerve decompression surgery, end-to-end anastomosis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve, anastomosis of ansa cervicalis nerve to the recurrent laryngeal nerve, and nerve-muscle pedicle (NMP) technique.

[Transnasal endoscopic anatomy and approaches to the cavernous sinus].

Objective: The goal of the current study is to describe the transnasal endoscopic anatomy of the cavernous sinus and to provide the surgical approaches to this area.

Methods: Six silicon-injected adult cadaveric heads (12 sides) were dissected through endoscopic endonasal approach. The cavernous sinus and adjacent structures were exposed; detailed anatomies were demonstrated.

[Expression of metallothionein 2 in middle ear cholesteatoma and its correlation with interleukin 1α and interleukin 6].

Objective: To detect the expression and distribution of metallothionein 2 (MT-2) in middle ear cholesteatoma, and to explore the relationship of MT-2 with interleukin 1α (IL-1α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), and well as to explore the role of MT-2 in the pathogenetic mechanism of middle ear cholesteatoma.

Methods: Using the immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to examine the expressions of MT-2, IL-1α and IL-6 protein and MT-2 mRNA in twenty-five middle ears' cholesteatoma and seven normal external ears' canal skin. The influence of cholesteatoma debris on the MT-2 mRNA and protein of HaCaT cell were further analyzed.

[Relationship between the tinnitus frequency and the effects of medication and the prognosis in patients with chronic subjective tinnitus].

Objective: To investigate the influence of tinnitus frequency on medication and prognosis in patients with chronic subjective tinnitus.

Methods: Seventy-two patients (Ninety-three ears) diagnosed as chronic subjective tinnitus were studied from October 2010 to March 2011. All cases were divided into low frequency(twenty-three ears), medium frequency(fourteen ears) and high frequency (fifty-six ears) according to tinnitus matching test.

[Etiology and treatment of delayed epistaxis after endoscopic surgery].

Objective: To evaluate the etiology and management of delayed epistaxis after endoscopic surgery.

Method: To retrospectively analyze the clinical data of 11 cases for epistaxis after nasal endoscopic surgery. To compare their precipitating factors, their surgical approach, time and site of bleeding and management in order to find the intrinsic rules.