Mapping Pesticide-Induced Metabolic Alterations in Human Gut Bacteria.

Pesticides can modulate gut microbiota (GM) composition, but their specific effects on GM remain largely elusive. Our study demonstrated that pesticides inhibit or promote growth in various GM species, even at low concentrations, and can accumulate in GM to prolong their presence in the host. Meanwhile, the pesticide induced changes in GM composition are associated with significant alterations in gut bacterial metabolism that reflected by the changes of hundreds of metabolites.

Microstructures and properties of AlZnMgCu alloys refined by nano AlTi-TiB-AlN-TiN/Al inoculant ribbons.

Nano AlTi-TiB-AlN-TiN/Al inoculant ribbons containing a large number of evenly distributed nanoparticles, such as AlTi (sized about 300 nm), TiB (sized about 100 nm), AlN (sized about 150 nm), and TiN (sized about 200 nm), were prepared by vacuum rapid quenching furnace to refine AlZnMgCu alloys. The nano AlTi-TiB-AlN-TiN/Al inoculant ribbons showed an excellent inoculant effect, which modified the dendrite crystals to equiaxed crystals and refined the grains from 122 ± 4 µm to 36 ± 5 µm by the addition of 0.3 wt% nano AlTi-TiB-AlN-TiN/Al inoculant ribbons.

Increased Fruit and Vegetable Consumption Prevents Dysregulated Immune and Inflammatory Responses in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice.

Background: Obesity is often associated with impaired immune responses, including enlarged spleen, increased inflammation, and impaired T-cell-mediated function, which may lead to increased susceptibility to infections. Bioactive compounds found in various fruits and vegetables (F&V) have been shown to have strong anti-inflammatory effects. However, few prospective studies have examined the effects of F&V on preventing obesity-associated dysregulation of immune and inflammatory responses.

Galactic Cosmic Ray Particle Exposure Does Not Increase Protein Levels of Inflammation or Oxidative Stress Markers in Rat Microglial Cells In Vitro.

Astronauts on exploratory missions will be exposed to galactic cosmic rays (GCR), which can induce neuroinflammation and oxidative stress (OS) and may increase the risk of neurodegenerative disease. As key regulators of inflammation and OS in the CNS, microglial cells may be involved in GCR-induced deficits, and therefore could be a target for neuroprotection. This study assessed the effects of exposure to helium (He) and iron (Fe) particles on inflammation and OS in microglia in vitro, to establish a model for testing countermeasure efficacy.

Postinfusion PD-1+ CD8+ CAR T cells identify patients responsive to CD19 CAR T-cell therapy in non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has revolutionized treatment for relapsed/refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Robust biomarkers and a complete understanding of CAR T-cell function in the postinfusion phase remain limited. Here, we used a 37-color spectral flow cytometry panel to perform high dimensional single-cell analysis of postinfusion samples in 26 patients treated with CD28 costimulatory domain containing commercial CAR T cells for NHL and focused on computationally gated CD8+ CAR T cells.

Corrigendum: Safe and effective delivery of supplemental iron to healthy adults: a two-phase, randomized, double-blind trial - the safe iron study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.

Interpretable Predicting Creep Rupture Life of Superalloys: Enhanced by Domain-Specific Knowledge.

Evaluating and understanding the effect of manufacturing processes on the creep performance in superalloys poses a significant challenge due to the intricate composition involved. This study presents a machine-learning strategy capable of evaluating the effect of the heat treatment process on the creep performance of superalloys and predicting creep rupture life with high accuracy. This approach integrates classification and regression models with domain-specific knowledge.

Life-long consumption of high level of fruits and vegetables reduces tumor incidence and extends median lifespan in mice.

Objective: Epidemiological studies suggest that consumption of fruits and vegetables (FV) is negatively associated with the incidence of certain cancers and mortality. However, a causal relationship has not been demonstrated. Thus, we investigated the effect of life-long consumption of high level of FV on median lifespan, key biological functions, and pathologies in mice fed low-fat (LF) or high-fat (HF) diets and the underlying mechanisms.

Monocyte transcriptomic profile following EPA and DHA supplementation in men and women with low-grade chronic inflammation.

Background: Recent data indicate considerable variability in response to very long chain omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on cardiovascular disease risk. This inconsistency may be due to differential effects of EPA vs DHA and/or sex-specific responses.

Methods: Sixteen subjects (eight men and eight women) 50-75 y and with low-grade chronic inflammation participated in a randomized controlled crossover trial comparing 3 g/d EPA, 3 g/d DHA, and placebo (3 g/d high oleic acid sunflower oil).

Safe and effective delivery of supplemental iron to healthy adults: a two-phase, randomized, double-blind trial - the safe iron study.

Introduction: The safety of novel forms of iron in healthy, iron-replete adults as might occur if used in population-based iron supplementation programs was examined. We tested the hypotheses that supplementation with nanoparticulate iron hydroxide adipate tartrate (IHAT), an iron-enriched product (ASP), or ferrous sulphate heptahydrate (FS) are safe as indicated by erythrocyte susceptibility to malarial infection, bacterial proliferation, and gut inflammation. Responses to FS administered daily or weekly, and with or without other micronutrients were compared.

Vehicle Detection and Tracking with Roadside LiDAR Using Improved ResNet18 and the Hungarian Algorithm.

By the end of the 2020s, full autonomy in autonomous driving may become commercially viable in certain regions. However, achieving Level 5 autonomy requires crucial collaborations between vehicles and infrastructure, necessitating high-speed data processing and low-latency capabilities. This paper introduces a vehicle tracking algorithm based on roadside LiDAR (light detection and ranging) infrastructure to reduce the latency to 100 ms without compromising the detection accuracy.

Small-diameter PCL/PU vascular graft modified with heparin-aspirin compound for preventing the occurrence of acute thrombosis.

The occurrence of acute thrombosis, directly related to platelet aggregation and coagulant system, is a considerable reason for the failure of small-diameter vascular grafts. Heparin is commonly used as a functional molecule for graft modification due to the strong anticoagulant effect. Unfortunately, heparin cannot directly resist the adhesion and aggregation of platelets.

Green tea EGCG inhibits naïve CD4 T cell division and progression in mice: An integration of network pharmacology, molecular docking and experimental validation.

Dietary green tea epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) could attenuate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis via the modification of the balance of CD4 T helper (Th) cells. Moreover, EGCG administration has a direct impact on the regulatory cytokines and differentiation of CD4 T cells. Here, we aim to determine whether EGCG directly affects the cell division and progression in naive CD4 T cells.

Liquid metal integrated PU/CNT fibrous membrane for human health monitoring.

Wearable flexible sensors are widely used in several applications such as physiological monitoring, electronic skin, and telemedicine. Typically, flexible sensors that are made of elastomeric thin-films lack sufficient permeability, which leads to skin inflammation, and more importantly, affects signal detection and consequently, reduces the sensitivity of the sensor. In this study, we designed a flexible nanofibrous membrane with a high air permeability (6.

Blueberry treatment administered before and/or after lipopolysaccharide stimulation attenuates inflammation and oxidative stress in rat microglial cells.

Microglia are key regulators of inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) in the CNS. Microglia activation can lead to chronic inflammation, OS, and neurodegeneration. Blueberries (BB) reduce inflammation and OS when administered to microglia before stressors such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), but the therapeutic value of BBs administered after activation by stressors has not been examined.

Obesity, rather than high fat diet, exacerbates the outcome of influenza virus infection in influenza-sensitized mice.

Introduction: Obesity is associated with impaired immune function and increased susceptibility to infection. High fat (HF) diet-induced obesity is a commonly used animal model. However, HF diet itself is known to affect immune function and infection.

Age-associated alterations in immune function and inflammation.

Immunosenescence is a term used to describe the age-related changes in the immune system. Immunosenescence is associated with complex alterations and dysregulation of immune function and inflammatory processes. Age-related changes in innate immune responses including alterations in chemotactic, phagocytic, and natural killing functions, impaired antigen presenting capacity, and dysregulated inflammatory response have been described.

Establishment and Application of the Assessment System on Ecosystem Health for Restored Urban Rivers in North China.

The study on ecosystem health evaluation for restored urban rivers is of specific significance to improving river health and realizing the adaptive management for urban river ecosystems. Based on the health definition of restored urban rivers in North China, this study attempted to set up a system of alternative indicators on ecosystem health assessment, including water quality, water regime, aquatic organism, riparian environment, and physical morphology. Additionally, a set of health assessment system was proposed, including selection of assessment indexes and determination of assessment criteria and health classes.

A biomimetic orthogonal-bilayer tubular scaffold for the co-culture of endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells.

In blood vessels, endothelial cells (ECs) grow along the direction of blood flow, while smooth muscle cells (SMCs) grow circumferentially along the vessel wall. To mimic this structure, a polycaprolactone (PCL) tubular scaffold with orthogonally oriented bilayer nanofibers was prepared electrospinning and winding. ECs were cultured on the inner layer of the scaffold with axial nanofibers and SMCs were cultured on the outer layer of the scaffold with circumferential nanofibers.

Phosphorylated MED1 links transcription recycling and cancer growth.

Mediator activates RNA polymerase II (Pol II) function during transcription, but it remains unclear whether Mediator is able to travel with Pol II and regulate Pol II transcription beyond the initiation and early elongation steps. By using in vitro and in vivo transcription recycling assays, we find that human Mediator 1 (MED1), when phosphorylated at the mammal-specific threonine 1032 by cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9), dynamically moves along with Pol II throughout the transcribed genes to drive Pol II recycling after the initial round of transcription. Mechanistically, MED31 mediates the recycling of phosphorylated MED1 and Pol II, enhancing mRNA output during the transcription recycling process.

Effects of the Separator MOF-AlO Coating on Battery Rate Performance and Solid-Electrolyte Interphase Formation.

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have unique advantages in optimizing the ionic conductivity of battery separators because of their rich cavity structure and highly ordered and connected pores. In this study, we used a hydrothermal method to synthesize a functional material, Ag-MOF crystal, as a separator coating content, and then studied the properties and application effect of the MOF-AlO-blended coating applying to a polyethylene (PE) separator (MOFAl/PE). Results show that MOFAl/PE (MOF/AlO = 0.