Case Report: Survival from Clinical Rabies in a Young Child from Maharashtra, India, 2022.

A 3.5-year-old male child from Maharashtra, India, presented with features of meningoencephalitis approximately 1 month after sustaining severe bite injuries on the right hand from a stray dog. He had received four doses of post-exposure intradermal rabies vaccination (on days 0, 3, and 7 of the bite and erroneously on day 20, instead of day 28 as recommended in the updated Thai Red Cross regimen) as well as local and systemic injections of equine rabies immune globulin.

Antiviral effect of Favipiravir against Chandipura virus in vitro and in vivo.

Chandipura virus (CHPV) is an emerging encephalitic virus with outbreak potential in a pediatric population. It causes acute encephalitis, with clinical symptoms leading to death within 48-72 h and an alarmingly high case fatality rate up to 55%-78%. Despite the high mortality rate in children, no vaccines or antivirals are currently available; thus, repurposing licensed drugs seems to be one of the attractive therapeutic approaches.

Infectious causes of acute encephalitis syndrome hospitalizations in Central India, 2018-20.

Background: We enhanced surveillance of hospitalizations of all ages for acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) along with infectious aetiologies, including the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV).

Methods: From October 2018 to September 2020, we screened neurological patients for AES in all age groups in Maharashtra and Telangana States. AES cases were enrolled at study hospitals along with other referrals and sampled with cerebrospinal fluid, acute and convalescent sera.

Cyclophilin A: a possible host modulator in Chandipura virus infection.

Chandipura virus (CHPV), belonging to the genus Vesiculovirus of the family Rhabdoviridae, has been identified as one of the causes of pediatric encephalitis in India. Currently, neither vaccines nor therapeutic drugs are available against this agent. Considering that the disease progresses very fast with a high mortality rate, working towards the development of potential therapeutics against it will have a public health impact.

Delineation of an epitope recognized by a chikungunya virus anti-capsid monoclonal antibody on the protease domain using an immuno-informatics approach.

The capsid-protein (CP) of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is reported to generate a primary immune response in infected individuals during disease progression. CP-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) developed in our laboratory, exhibited promising potential in diagnosing recent CHIKV infection in IgM capture ELISA. In this study we focused on the molecular and structural characterization of one such representative mAb ClVE4/D9 to delineate the epitope recognized by it using an immuno-informatics approach.

Design of a multi-epitope peptide vaccine candidate against chandipura virus: an immuno-informatics study.

Chandipura virus (CHPV) is an emerging pathogen responsible for acute encephalitic syndrome (AES) in pediatric population in India. Several outbreaks of CHPV have been reported from different states of India since the year 2003. At present there is no vaccine or therapeutic measures available to curtail the disease.

Identification of a conserved neutralizing epitope in the G-protein of Chandipura virus.

Chandipura virus (CHPV), associated with an encephalitic illness in humans, has caused multiple outbreaks with high mortality in central and western India in recent years. The present study compares surface glycoprotein (G-protein) from prototype and recent outbreak strains using in silico tools and in vitro experiments. In silico epitope predictions (B-cell and T-helper cell) for the sequences, 3D structure prediction and comparison of the G-proteins of the strains: I653514 (Year 1965), CIN0327 (Year 2003) and 148974 (Year 2014) revealed that the CHPV G-protein is stable and antigenic determinants are conserved.

Monocytes and B cells support active replication of Chandipura virus.

Background: Interaction between immune system and Chandipura virus (CHPV) during different stages of its life cycle remain poorly understood. The exact route of virus entry into the blood and CNS invasion has not been clearly defined. The present study was undertaken to assess the population in PBMC that supports the growth of virus and to detect active virus replication in PBMC as well as its subsets.

Development and characterization of reverse genetics system for the Indian West Nile virus lineage 1 strain 68856.

Our previous studies on West Nile virus (WNV) strains isolated from human patients in India suggested substantial variation at the genetic level reflecting their variable pathogenesis. This study describes the development of reverse genetics system for a neurovirulent WNV isolate 68856 and its characterization. Full length viral cDNA was cloned into bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) under the transcription control of T7 promoter.