[miR-151-3p derived from gastric cancer exosomes induces M2-phenotype polarization of macrophages and promotes tumor growth].

Objective To investigate whether exosomes derived from gastric cancer cells can affect macrophages in tumor microenvironment through miR-151-3p. Methods The expression of miR-151-3p in tumor tissues of patients with gastric cancer and normal tissues was detected by real time quantitative PCR; Gastric cancer cells overexpressing miR-151-3p were constructed, and exosomes were isolated and identified. The expression of CD11b and CD163 markers on RAW264.

Fangchinoline exerts antitumour activity by suppressing the EGFR‑PI3K/AKT signalling pathway in colon adenocarcinoma.

Fangchinoline (FAN), an alkaloid extracted from Stephania tetrandra, has a variety of biological and pharmacological activities, but evidence of its effects on colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is limited. Therefore, the present study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which FAN affects COAD. The cytotoxicity, viability and proliferation of DLD‑1 and LoVo cells were assessed in the presence of FAN using MTT and colony formation assays.

LncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2 inhibits gastric cancer (GC) development and sensitizes chemoresistant GC cells to cisplatin by regulating miR-223-3p/NLRP3 axis.

The role of LncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2 in the regulation of chemoresistance of gastric cancer (GC) is largely unknown. Here we found that LncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2 was low-expressed in GC tissues and cells compared to their normal counterparts. In addition, LncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2 inhibited miR-223-3p expressions in GC cells by acting as competing endogenous RNA, and the levels of LncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2 and miR-223-3p showed negative correlations in GC tissues.

Fraxetin inhibits the growth of colon adenocarcinoma cells via the Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signalling pathway.

Objective: Fraxetin, extracted from the bark of Fraxinus rhynchophylla, has been shown to exhibit antitumour and anti-inflammatory pharmacological properties. However, the mechanism underlying its anticancer activity towards colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is not well understood. We aimed to determine the antitumour effect of fraxetin on COAD cell lines and elucidate its biochemical and molecular targets.

Cyclovirobuxine D inhibits colorectal cancer tumorigenesis via the CTHRC1‑AKT/ERK‑Snail signaling pathway.

Cyclovirobuxine D (CVB‑D) is an alkaloid, which is mainly derived from Buxus microphylla. It has been reported that CVB‑D has positive effects on breast cancer, gastric cancer and other malignant tumors. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no reports regarding the effects of CVB‑D on colorectal cancer (CRC).

miR-4324 functions as a tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer by targeting HOXB2.

Objective: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are reported to have crucial roles in human cancers; however, their role in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains largely unknown.

Methods: In this study, we analyzed the expression of miR-4324 in CRC cell lines using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). We also examined miR-4324 expression in CRC tumor tissues using a miRNA expression dataset obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus.

AEBP1, a prognostic indicator, promotes colon adenocarcinoma cell growth and metastasis through the NF-κB pathway.

The abnormal expression of adipocyte enhancer binding protein 1 (AEBP1) has been implicated in the carcinogenesis and progression of various types of human tumors. However, the role of AEBP1 in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) remains largely unelucidated. In this study, we explored the clinical significance and biological function of AEBP1 in COAD.

Dual-Specificity Tyrosine Phosphorylation-Regulated Kinase 3 Loss Activates Purine Metabolism and Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression.

Cancer cells metabolize different energy sources to generate biomass rapidly. The purine biosynthetic pathway was recently identified as an important source of metabolic intermediates for these processes. However, very little was known about the regulatory mechanisms of purine metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

ZNF692 promotes colon adenocarcinoma cell growth and metastasis by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway.

Despite considerable recent advancements in colorectal cancer (CRC) therapy, the prognosis of patients with advanced disease remains poor. Further understanding of the molecular mechanisms and treatment strategies of this disease is required. Zinc finger protein 692 (ZNF692), also known as AREBP and Zfp692, was first reported to have an important role in gluconeogenesis.

Ubiquitination of UVRAG by SMURF1 promotes autophagosome maturation and inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma growth.

UVRAG (UV radiation resistance associated) is an important regulator of mammalian macroautophagy/autophagy by interacting with BECN1, PIK3C3, and RUBCN. Phosphorylation of UVRAG by MTORC1 negatively regulates autophagosome maturation under nutrient-enriched conditions. However, how UVRAG ubiquitination is regulated is still unknown.

Long noncoding RNA SNHG6 promotes the progression of colorectal cancer through sponging miR-760 and activation of FOXC1.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of most common cancers worldwide. Long non-coding RNA SNHG6 has been reported to act as essential regulators in several cancers. However, the functional role and molecular mechanism of SNHG6 in colorectal cancer remain unclear.

Trabid inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma growth and metastasis by cleaving RNF8-induced K63 ubiquitination of Twist1.

TRAF-binding domain (Trabid), one of deubiquitination enzymes, was recently reported to activate Wnt/ β-catenin signaling pathway. However, the role of Trabid in tumors including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the underlying mechanisms controlling its activity remain poorly understood. Here, we report that Trabid is significantly downregulated in HCC tumor samples and cell lines compared with normal controls and that its expression level is negatively correlated with HCC pathological grading, recurrence, and metastasis.

Comprehensive analysis of differential expression profiles of mRNAs and lncRNAs and identification of a 14-lncRNA prognostic signature for patients with colon adenocarcinoma.

The objective of this study was to identify potentially significant genes and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in colon cancer for a panel of lncRNA signatures that could be used as prognostic markers for colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) based on the data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). RNA-seq V2 exon data of COAD were downloaded from the TCGA data portal for 285 tumor samples and 41 normal tissue samples adjacent to tumors. Differentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs were identified.

Efficacy and safety of regorafenib for advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumor after failure with imatinib and sunitinib treatment: A meta-analysis.

Aims: This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of regorafenib as a treatment for patients with advanced (metastatic and/or unresectable) gastrointestinal stromal tumor (AGIST) after developing resistance to imatinib and sunitinib.

Methods: A literature search of databases such as PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library was conducted up to February 2017. The pooled percentages and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the Stata 11.

GSK-3β phosphorylation-dependent degradation of ZNF281 by β-TrCP2 suppresses colorectal cancer progression.

Zinc finger protein 281 (ZNF281) has been recently shown to be critical for CRC progression. However, the immediate upstream regulators of ZNF281 remain unclear. Here we reported that the E3 ligase the β-transducin repeat-containing protein 2 (β-TrCP2) governs the ubiquitination and degradation of ZNF281.

Downregulated long non-coding RNA TCONS_00068220 upregulates apoptosis in gastric cancer cells.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as a fundamental class of biological effect or molecules that perform pivotal functions in the regulation of the genome. With advances in bioinformatics and genomics, extensive identification and characterization of lncRNAs is now possible. They regulate cellular growth, differentiation and apoptosis.

Dietary factors and polymorphisms in vitamin D metabolism genes: the risk and prognosis of colorectal cancer in northeast China.

CYP24A1 and CYP27B1 are critical genes determining 1α,25(OH)D concentration and impacting on carcinogenesis. A case-control study including 528 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and 605 cancer-free controls and a follow-up study with 317 cases were conducted in northeast China. Genotypes were tested by TaqMan Genotyping Assays.

MiR-590-5p inhibits colorectal cancer angiogenesis and metastasis by regulating nuclear factor 90/vascular endothelial growth factor A axis.

Altered expression of microRNA-590-5p (miR-590-5p) is involved in tumorigenesis, however, its role in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains to be determined. In this study, we focused on examining the effects of different expression levels of miR-590-5p in cancer cells and normal cells. Results showed that there are lower expression levels of miR-590-5p in human CRC cells and tissues than in normal control cells and tissues.

Phosphatidylserine exposing-platelets and microparticles promote procoagulant activity in colon cancer patients.

Background: Colon cancer is invariably accompanied by altered coagulation activity; however, the precise role of phosphatidylserine (PS) in the hypercoagulable state of colon cancer patients remains unclear. We explored the exposure of PS on platelets and microparticles (MPs), and evaluate its role in procoagulant activity in colon cancer patients.

Methods: PS-positive platelets and MPs, mainly from platelets and endothelial cells, were detected by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, and their procoagulant activity was assessed with purified coagulation complex assays, clotting time, and fibrin turbidity.

Phosphotidylserine exposure and neutrophil extracellular traps enhance procoagulant activity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-associated thromboembolic event often lacks precise aetiology. The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) towards the hypercoagulable state in IBD. We demonstrated that the levels of PS exposed MPs and the sources of MP-origin, platelets, erythrocytes, leukocytes and cultured endothelial cells (ECs) were higher in IBD groups than in healthy controls using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy.

Identification of genes and long non-coding RNAs associated with the pathogenesis of gastric cancer.

Gastric cancer is a lethal disease characterized by high diffusivity and mortality. To examine the mechanisms involved in gastric cancer, we analyzed the microarray of GSE41476. GSE41476 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus and included 3 primary cell culture samples from gastric cancer tissues, 3 gastric cancer cell lines and 2 normal tissue samples.

Human cystic echinococcosis in Heilongjiang Province, China: a retrospective study.

Background: Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is one of emerging zoonotic parasitic diseases throughout the world, having significant medical and economic importance in developing countries. The western and northwestern China is considered as CE endemic areas. In northeastern China's Heilongjiang Province, the increasing number of sporadic human CE cases has attracted more and more attention.

Association between co-inhibitory molecule gene tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms and the risk of colorectal cancer in Chinese.

Purpose: T lymphocyte immune responses are controlled by both co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory signaling through T cell co-receptors. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), programmed death 1 (PD-1) and B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) are all co-inhibitory molecules that negatively regulate the activation of T cells. In this study, we investigated the relationship between ten tagging SNPs in three co-inhibitory molecule genes and colorectal cancer (CRC).

Genetic characterization of human-derived hydatid cysts of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato in Heilongjiang Province and the first report of G7 genotype of E. canadensis in humans in China.

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) is one of the most important zoonotic parasitic diseases worldwide and 10 genotypes (G1-G10) have been reported.

Association between Toll-like receptor 4 and interleukin 17 gene polymorphisms and colorectal cancer susceptibility in Northeast China.

Limited studies about the effects of TLR 4 and IL17 polymorphisms (SNPs) on the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) have yielded inconsistent results. Totally, 601 CRC patients and 627 controls were enrolled. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate the association between tagSNPs and susceptibility of CRC and the interactions effects of gene and environment on the risk of CRC.