Large-scale and long-term wildlife research and monitoring using camera traps: a continental synthesis.

Camera traps are widely used in wildlife research and monitoring, so it is imperative to understand their strengths, limitations, and potential for increasing impact. We investigated a decade of use of wildlife cameras (2012-2022) with a case study on Australian terrestrial vertebrates using a multifaceted approach. We (i) synthesised information from a literature review; (ii) conducted an online questionnaire of 132 professionals; (iii) hosted an in-person workshop of 28 leading experts representing academia, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), and government; and (iv) mapped camera trap usage based on all sources.

Mental Health and Dispositional Predictors of Simultaneous Versus Concurrent Cannabis and Alcohol Use in a Canadian Context.

Objective: Cannabis has become more available in Canada since its legalization in 2018. Many individuals who use cannabis also use alcohol (co-use), which can be used either at the same time such that their effects overlap (simultaneous use) or at different times (concurrent use). Though studies have identified predictors of co-use relative to single-substance use, less is known about the predictors of specific types of co-use.

Isobaric Tagging and Data Independent Acquisition as Complementary Strategies for Proteome Profiling on an Orbitrap Astral Mass Spectrometer.

Comprehensive global proteome profiling that is amenable to high throughput processing will broaden our understanding of complex biological systems. Here, we evaluated two leading mass spectrometry techniques, Data Independent Acquisition (DIA) and Tandem Mass Tagging (TMT), for extensive protein abundance profiling. DIA provides label-free quantification with a broad dynamic range, while TMT enables multiplexed analysis using isobaric tags for efficient cross-sample comparisons.

mRNA export factors store nascent transcripts within nuclear speckles as an adaptive response to transient global inhibition of transcription.

Several transcription inhibitors have been developed as cancer therapies. However, they show modest clinical activity, highlighting that our understanding of the cellular response to transcriptional inhibition remains incomplete. Here we report that potent inhibitors of transcription not only impact mRNA output but also markedly impair mRNA transcript localization and nuclear export.

Comparison of Patient-Reported Outcomes after Local Flap Coverage versus Amputation for Complex Lower Extremity Trauma.

 There is a paucity of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) data in lower extremity salvage. Limb salvage can often be achieved with the use of local muscle flaps or fasciocutaneous flaps. The purpose of this study was to compare PROs of patients who underwent lower extremity salvage using local fasciocutaneous flaps or muscle flaps to lower extremity amputation.

Sexual Excitation and Inhibition Moderate the Strength of Concordance Between Paraphilic Interests and Behaviors.

The concordance between paraphilic interest and behavior is moderate to strong in previous studies. In the present study, we examined whether sexual excitation (SE) and sexual inhibition (SI) moderate the concordance between paraphilic interest and behavior, across several paraphilic themes. We expected that stronger concordance would be found at high levels of SE and weaker concordance would be found at high levels of SI, for both men and women.

Impact of Next-to-Leading-Order Weak Standard-Model-Effective-Field-Theory Corrections in e^{+}e^{-}→ZH.

We present results from a complete next-to-leading order (NLO) calculation of e^{+}e^{-}→ZH in the standard model effective field theory (SMEFT) framework, including all contributions from dimension-six operators. At NLO, there are novel dependencies on CP violating parameters in the gauge sector, on modifications to the Higgs boson self-couplings, on alterations to the top quark Yukawa couplings, and on four-fermion operators involving the electron and the top quark, among others. We show that including only the logarithms resulting from renormalization group scaling can produce misleading results, and further, we explicitly demonstrate the constraining power of combining measurements from different energy scales.

Identifying potential predictors of surgical site infection risk following cardiac surgery: a scoping review.

Objectives: This scoping review was undertaken to identify risk predictions models and preoperative predictors of surgical site infection (SSI) in adult cardiac surgery. A particular focus was on the identification of novel predictors that could underpin the future development of a risk prediction model to identify individuals at high-risk of SSI, and therefore guide a national SSI prevention strategy.

Methods: A scoping review to systematically identify and map out existing research evidence on preoperative predictors of SSI was conducted in two stages.

Lifestyle factors and other predictors of common mental disorders in diagnostic machine learning studies: A systematic review.

Background: Machine Learning (ML) models have been used to predict common mental disorders (CMDs) and may provide insights into the key modifiable factors that can identify and predict CMD risk and be targeted through interventions. This systematic review aimed to synthesise evidence from ML studies predicting CMDs, evaluate their performance, and establish the potential benefit of incorporating lifestyle data in ML models alongside biological and/or demographic-environmental factors.

Methods: This systematic review adheres to the PRISMA statement (Prospero CRD42023401194).

Early antibiotic exposure and risk of psychiatric and neurocognitive outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The prenatal and early-life periods pose a crucial neurodevelopmental window whereby disruptions to the intestinal microbiota and the developing brain may have adverse impacts. As antibiotics affect the human intestinal microbiome, it follows that early-life antibiotic exposure may be associated with later-life psychiatric or neurocognitive outcomes.

Aims: To explore the association between early-life (in utero and early childhood (age 0-2 years)) antibiotic exposure and the subsequent risk of psychiatric and neurocognitive outcomes.

How Do We Get the Public Into Public Health Research? Learnings and Key Recommendations From Initiating a Community Involvement Project Scheme.

Introduction: There are many recognised benefits of public involvement, including more relevant research. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the existing health inequalities and disparities in access to care and treatment for under-served groups, necessitating meaningful and sustainable approaches to engaging them in health research. However, there is limited guidance to suggest what groundwork and processes are necessary for initiating such projects.

Age-related clonal hematopoiesis and HIV infection are associated with geriatric outcomes: The ARCHIVE study.

While HIV infection and clonal hematopoiesis (CH) have been linked with inflammatory dysregulation and an increased risk of aging-related comorbidities, their relationship with clinical geriatric syndromes has not been well defined. In the Age-related Clonal Haematopoiesis in an HIV Evaluation Cohort (ARCHIVE) study (NCT04641013), we measure associations between HIV and CH and geriatric syndromes. Of 345 participants (176 with HIV and 169 without HIV), 23% had at least one mutation associated with CH: 27% with HIV and 18% without HIV (p = 0.

Evaluating the accuracy of an automatic counting system to detect dispensing of hand hygiene product.

Background: Hand hygiene (HH) is an essential element of infection prevention and control programs. Direct observation of adherence to the 5 moments for HH is considered the gold standard in compliance monitoring. However, as direct observation introduces potential bias, other strategies have been proposed to supplement HH compliance data in healthcare facilities.

Sexual satisfaction mediates daily associations between body satisfaction and relationship satisfaction in new parent couples.

One of the most common reported postpartum concerns, linked with relationship dissatisfaction, is how body image will affect sexuality. Outside of the postpartum period, feeling more satisfied with one's body is linked with feeling more sexually and relationally satisfied, with some cross-sectional evidence that sexual satisfaction mediates these associations. This dyadic daily experience study examined how new parents' daily satisfaction with their own and their partner's bodies relates to their own sexual satisfaction, and in turn, their own and their partner's relationship satisfaction during a vulnerable time in their sexual and romantic relationship-3- to 4-months postpartum.

Unravelling mutational signatures with plasma circulating tumour DNA.

The use of circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) to profile mutational signatures represents a non-invasive opportunity for understanding cancer mutational processes. Here we present MisMatchFinder, a liquid biopsy approach for mutational signature detection using low-coverage whole-genome sequencing of ctDNA. Through analysis of 375 plasma samples across 9 cancers, we demonstrate that MisMatchFinder accurately infers single-base and doublet-base substitutions, as well as insertions and deletions to enhance the detection of ctDNA and clinically relevant mutational signatures.

Metagenome-assembled genomes of freshwater sp. G-191 and sp. enriched from Cedar Swamp, Woods Hole, MA.

are facultative denitrifying anaerobes capable of using one-carbon compounds as a sole carbon source. sp. G-191 was enriched from Cedar Swamp, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, using a selective medium for methanol-utilizing bacteria.

Survivor Health Connection Project: Understanding Experiences of Accessing Health Care Among Those Affected by Intimate Partner Violence During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objectives: Intimate partner violence (IPV) has short- and long-term health effects, including physical injuries and traumatic brain injury, as well as sexual, reproductive, and mental health issues. However, accessing necessary health care is often challenging for IPV survivors and became even more difficult during the COVID-19 pandemic. We examined access to health care among those affected by IPV during the COVID-19 pandemic to better connect survivors to health and social support services.

Barriers to and enablers of the early diagnosis of breast cancer among women from ethnic minority backgrounds in the UK: protocol for a qualitative evidence synthesis.

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women of all ethnic groups in the UK. The largest single ethnic groups in the UK are white, Indian, Pakistani, black African and black Caribbean. Previous studies have shown that women from ethnic minority groups are more likely to be diagnosed with more advanced disease at presentation compared with women from white backgrounds which is associated with poorer outcomes.

Effect of high-flow nasal therapy on patient-centred outcomes in patients at high risk of postoperative pulmonary complications after cardiac surgery: update to the statistical analysis plan for NOTACS, a multicentre adaptive randomised controlled trial.

Background: The NOTACS trial will assess the efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness of high-flow nasal therapy (HFNT) compared to standard oxygen therapy (SOT) on the outcomes of patients after cardiac surgery.

Methods/design: NOTACS is an adaptive, international, multicentre, parallel group, randomised controlled trial, with a pre-planned interim sample size re-estimation (SSR). A minimum of 850 patients will be randomised 1:1 to receive either HFNT or SOT.

Depressive Symptoms and Gut Microbiota after Bowel Preparation and Colonoscopy: A Pre-Post Intervention Study.

Mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) is essential for visualisation of the colon during colonoscopy. Previous studies have identified changes in gut microbiota composition after MBP and colonoscopy. Considering the gut microbiota is increasingly implicated in psychiatry, we explored the potential impact of this intervention on mood and the microbiota-gut-brain axis.

A gut-focused perinatal dietary intervention is associated with lower alpha diversity of the infant gut microbiota: results from a randomised controlled trial.

Objectives: In experimental models, the prenatal diet influences gut microbiota composition in mothers and offspring; however, it is unclear whether this occurs in humans. We investigated the effects of a gut-focused perinatal dietary intervention on maternal and infant gut microbiota composition four weeks after birth.

Methods: This randomised controlled trial randomised pregnant women to receive dietary advice as part of standard care, or additionally receive a dietary intervention focused on the Australian Dietary Guidelines and increasing prebiotic and probiotic/fermented food intakes (ACTRN12616000936426).

Emotional difficulties mediate the impact of adverse childhood experiences on compulsive buying-shopping problems.

Background: Compulsive buying-shopping is recognised as a significant mental health concern, yet its aetiology is largely understudied. A known risk factor for compulsive buying-shopping is adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). ACEs are also associated with greater problems regulating emotions, as well as depression and anxiety.