Body size and occupational physical activity during the life course and gastrointestinal cancers.

Evidence on the associations of body size and occupational physical activity (PA) during the life course with gastrointestinal cancers is inconclusive. We analyzed data from the Golestan Cohort Study, a population-based prospective cohort study from Iran, with 50,045 individuals aged 40-75 years enrolled during 2004-2008 and followed through April 2023. Body size during adolescence, early adulthood, and at cohort baseline was assessed using validated pictograms.

Which dietary patterns fend off nonalcoholic fatty liver disease? A systematic review of observational and interventional studies.

Background: The global burden of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has significantly risen over the past decade. Dietary intake strongly influences its development and should be a component of any prevention and treatment plan strategy. Dietary pattern analysis enables the investigation of the overall diet and permits the consideration of interactions and cumulative effects of dietary components.

A High-Resolution Microendoscope Improves Esophageal Cancer Screening and Surveillance: Implications for Underserved Global Settings Based on an International Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background & Aims: Lugol's chromoendoscopy (LCE)-based detection of esophageal squamous cell neoplasia (ESCN) is limited by low specificity. High-resolution microendoscopy (HRME) was shown to improve specificity and reduce unnecessary biopsies when used by academic endoscopists. In this international randomized controlled trial, we determined the clinical impact, efficiency, and performance of HRME in true global health contexts with a range of providers.

Improvement of esophageal cancer survival in Northeast Iran: A two-decade journey in a high-risk, low- resource region.

Background And Objective: Two decades ago, an international initiative (GEMINI) was launched in a high-risk, low-resource region in Northeast Iran, aiming to investigate incidence, etiology, early detection, and treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). An earlier report from this area, highlighted poor ESCC survival rates, with a 5-year survival probability of 3.3% and the median survival time of 7 months.

One-carbon metabolism biomarkers and upper gastrointestinal cancer in the Golestan Cohort Study.

Incidence of esophageal and gastric cancer has been linked to low B-vitamin status. We conducted matched nested case-control studies of incident esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC; 340 case-control pairs) and gastric cancer (GC; 352 case-control pairs) within the Golestan Cohort Study. The primary exposure was plasma biomarkers: riboflavin and flavin mononucleotide (FMN) (vitamin B2), pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) (B6), cobalamin (B12), para-aminobenzoylglutamate (pABG) (folate), and total homocysteine (tHcy); and indicators for deficiency: 3-hydroxykyurenine-ratio (HK-r for vitamin B6) and methylmalonic acid (MMA for B12).

Somatic CDKN2A copy number variations are associated with the prognosis of esophageal squamous cell dysplasia.

Background: Somatic copy number variations (SCNVs) in the CDKN2A gene are among the most frequent events in the dysplasia-carcinoma sequence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. However, whether CDKN2A SCNVs are useful biomarkers for the risk stratification and management of patients with esophageal squamous cell dysplasia (ESCdys) is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics and prognostic value of CDKN2A SCNVs in patients with mild or moderate (m/M) ESCdys.

Utility of a Low-Cost 3-D Printed Microscope for Evaluating Esophageal Biopsies.

In this manuscript we assessed the utility of a low-cost 3D printed microscope to evaluate esophageal biopsies. We conducted a comparative analysis between the traditional microscope and our 3-D printed microscope, utilizing a set of esophageal biopsy samples obtained from patients undergoing screening endoscopy. Two pathologists independently examined 30 esophageal biopsies by light microscopy and digital images obtained using a low-cost 3D printed microscope (Observer 1 and 2).

Mineral Intake and Cardiovascular Disease, Cancer, and All-Cause Mortality: Findings from the Golestan Cohort Study.

Associations between mineral intake and mortality in non-Western countries have not been studied adequately. This study evaluated these associations in the Golestan Cohort Study, featuring a Middle Eastern population. The mineral intake was estimated from the baseline food frequency questionnaire, adjusted by using the nutrient density method, and divided into quintiles.

Diet Quality and Subsequent Incidence of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers: Results from the Golestan Cohort Study.

Background: Recent evidence suggests overall diet quality, as assessed by dietary scores, may play a role in the development of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancers. However, the existing dietary scores are derived from high-income countries with different dietary habits than regions with the highest burden of UGI cancers, where limited data is available. This study aimed to investigate the association between overall diet quality and risk of esophageal and stomach cancers in a high-risk region for UGI cancers.

Dental health and lung cancer risk in the Golestan Cohort Study.

Background: Poor oral health has been linked to various systemic diseases, including multiple cancer types, but studies of its association with lung cancer have been inconclusive.

Methods: We examined the relationship between dental status and lung cancer incidence and mortality in the Golestan Cohort Study, a large, prospective cohort of 50,045 adults in northeastern Iran. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between three dental health measures (i.

Poor oral health and the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Malawi.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the second most common cancer in Malawi. Risk factors for this cancer in Malawi are poorly understood. Poor oral health has previously been linked to increased ESCC risk in other high-incidence regions, including parts of Eastern and Southern Africa.

Prevalence and determinants of opioid use disorder among long-term opiate users in Golestan Cohort Study.

Background: Number of opiate users worldwide has doubled over the past decade, but not all of them are diagnosed with opioid use disorder. We aimed to identify the prevalence and risk factors for OUD after ten years of follow-up.

Methods: Among 8,500 chronic opiate users at Golestan Cohort Study baseline (2004-2008), we recalled a random sample of 451 subjects in 2017.

Survival After Diagnosis of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Malawi.

Purpose: Esophageal cancer (EC) is the second most common cancer in Malawi, with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) representing >90% of all ECs. Despite significant morbidity and mortality, little is known about disease outcomes. In this study, we assess survival after ESCC diagnosis in Malawi.

Smoke exposure associated with higher urinary benzene biomarker muconic acid (MUCA) in Golestan Cohort Study participants.

. Benzene is a known human carcinogen. Human exposure to benzene can be assessed by measuring -muconic acid (MUCA) in urine.

Incident cancers attributable to using opium and smoking cigarettes in the Golestan cohort study.

Background: Opium consumption has recently been identified as a carcinogen, but the impact of opium use on cancer burden is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the fraction of cancers that could be attributed to opium use alone and in combination with cigarette smoking in a region where opium is widely used.

Methods: 50,045 Iranian adults were recruited to this prospective cohort study between 2004 and 2008 and were followed through January 2022.

Association Between Incident Type 2 Diabetes and Opium Use: Mediation by Body Mass and Adiposity.

Opiates can affect glucose metabolism and obesity, but no large prospective study (to our knowledge) has investigated the association between long-term opium use, body mass index (BMI; weight (kg)/height (m)2), and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We analyzed prospective data from 50,045 Golestan Cohort Study participants in Iran (enrollment: 2004-2008). After excluding participants with preexisting diseases, including diabetes, we used adjusted Poisson regression models to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for T2DM in opium users compared with nonusers, using mediation analysis to assess the BMI-mediated association of opium use with incident T2DM.

Tobacco and other risk factors for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Lilongwe Malawi: Results from the Lilongwe esophageal cancer case: Control study.

Objective: Esophageal cancer is the second commonest cancer in Malawi, and 95% of all cases are esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Very little is known about the epidemiology of ESCC in Malawi including risk factors. The main objective of the study was to evaluate and describe risk factors of ESCC in Malawi.

Dietary Advanced Glycation End Products and Risk of Overall and Cause-Specific Mortality: Results from the Golestan Cohort Study.

Controversy exists regarding the association of dietary advanced glycation end products (dAGEs) with the risk of disease outcomes and mortality. We aimed to examine, prospectively, the association between dAGEs intake and the risk of overall and cause-specific mortality in the Golestan Cohort Study. The cohort was conducted between 2004 and 2008 in Golestan Province (Iran) recruiting 50,045 participants aged 40-75 years.

Sporadic hyperplastic polyp associated with above-average risk of developing metachronous colorectal cancer.

Post-colonoscopy surveillance interval for colorectal polyps depends on the size, number, and pathological classification of removed polyps. The risk of sporadic hyperplastic polyps (HPs) for developing colorectal adenocarcinoma remains debatable due to limited data. We aimed to evaluate the risk of metachronous colorectal cancer (CRC) in patients with sporadic HPs.