Effect of Chitosan/Gum Arabic Blends Enriched by Sodium Nitroprusside or Methyl Salicylate on the Storability and Antioxidant Activity of Tomato Fruit.

The impact of methyl salicylate (MeSA) or sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in chitosan (CS)/Gum Arabic (GA) mixture on physio-chemical characteristics and antioxidant status during the postharvest ripening of green tomato fruits was studied. CS/GA-MeSA at a 1 mM formulation was the best treatment to retard firmness and titratable acidity (TA) losses. Moreover, this formulation retarded pigmentation progress where it had the lowest significant values of total carotenes (TCs) and lycopene (LYP) contents until the 15th day of the storage period, as well as efficiently faced the rise in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels.

Paralogous FgIDO genes with differential roles in tryptophan catabolism, fungal development and virulence in Fusarium graminearum.

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (Ido) is a tryptophan-degrading enzyme that is widely distributed across species. Ido catalyzes the first step of tryptophan (TRP) degradation and drives the de novo synthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) coenzymes via the kynurenine (KYN) pathway. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae possesses a single IDO gene (BNA2) that is responsible for NAD synthesis, whereas a number of fungal species contain multiple IDO genes.

Antifungal activities of metconazole against the emerging wheat pathogen Fusarium pseudograminearum.

Fusarium crown rot of wheat is a serious fungal disease that occurs worldwide. The disease has been emerging in the major wheat-growing areas in China since 2010. Fusarium pseudogramineaum is the predominant causative pathogen of crown rot of wheat in China.

New Hydrolase from sp. HA for the Biodegradation of Zearalenone: Identification, Mechanism, and Application.

Zearalenone (ZEN) is an estrogenic mycotoxin most frequently found in cereals that can cause reproductive disorders in livestock and pose a severe threat to animal husbandry. In this study, we isolated a ZEN-degrading strain from soil and found that ZenH, a hydrolase, is responsible for the hydrolysis of ZEN through comparative proteomics and biochemical studies. ZenH exhibited the highest similarity with lactone hydrolase ZHD607 from at 21.

Modulatory Effects of Extract In Ovo Injected into Broiler Embryos Contaminated by Aflatoxin B1.

In ovo injection of nutrients can modulate the embryo’s physiological responses against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) embryotoxicity. This hypothesis was tested using in ovo injection of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (Ar. uu.

Isolation, Characterization, and Application of F39 to Degrade Zearalenone under Anaerobic Conditions.

Zearalenone (ZEN) is produced by spp. and is widely found in moldy wheat, corn, and other grains. ZEN has a strong toxicity and causes reproductive and immune disorders and estrogenic syndrome in animals and humans.

Chemical characterization of polysaccharide (CFP) and its potential application as a prebiotic in synbiotic preparation.

Prebiotics are non-digestible food ingredients that are selectively fermented by probiotics. The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical properties of a polysaccharide extracted from mature fruit pulp and to evaluate its effects on probiotic strains: , , Nissle 1917 (EcN), and . These strains were compared for their growth behavior in culture media supplemented with different polysaccharide (CFP) concentrations.

Nanozyme-strip based on MnO nanosheets as a catalytic label for multi-scale detection of aflatoxin B with an ultrabroad working range.

Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) is the most effective real-time detection method for aflatoxin B (AFB). Here, we constructed a nanozyme-strip based on MnO nanosheets (MnO NSs) as a catalytic label for detection of AFB. By taking advantage of the MnO-TMB catalytic amplified system, the new test achieves rapid detection with high sensitivity and ultrawide range.

A direct competitive nanozyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on MnO nanosheets as a catalytic label for the determination of fumonisin B.

A direct competitive nanozyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dcNLISA) based on MnO nanosheets (MnO NSs) as a nanozyme label was developed for the highly sensitive determination of fumonisin B (FB). MnO NS-labeled fumonisin B-bovine serum albumin was easily synthesized as a competing antigen for the dcNLISA. And color changes derived from the MnO-3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) system were exploited as the output signals of the dcNLISA.

The NDR kinase-MOB complex FgCot1-Mob2 regulates polarity and lipid metabolism in Fusarium graminearum.

Members of the NDR (nuclear Dbf2-related) protein-kinase family are essential for cell differentiation and polarized morphogenesis. However, their functions in plant pathogenic fungi are not well understood. Here, we characterized the NDR kinase FgCot1 and its activator FgMob2 in Fusarium graminearum, a major pathogen causing Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat.

Antifungal action and induction of resistance by β-aminobutyric acid against Penicillium digitatum to control green mold in orange fruit.

Green mold, caused by Penicillium digitatum, is the most economically important postharvest disease of orange fruit worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) treatment on the inhibition of P. digitatum both in orange fruit and in vitro as well as the possible mechanisms of action.

Capping proteins regulate fungal development, DON-toxisome formation and virulence in Fusarium graminearum.

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is an important trichothecene mycotoxin produced by the cereal pathogen Fusarium graminearum. DON is synthesized in organized endoplasmic reticulum structures called toxisomes. However, the mechanism for toxisome formation and the components of toxisomes are not yet fully understood.

The Potential Role of Powder as a Natural Feed Supplement to Boost the Productive Performance, Antioxidant Status, and Blood Biochemistry of Growing Rabbits.

The current study examined the influence of (dry lemon) on the hemato-biochemical profiles, and antioxidant indices of growing rabbits. Forty-eight growing New Zealand White rabbits (age, eight weeks; weight, 1543.33 ± 25 g) were allocated into three groups (16 animals each), the first group was (control) fed a basal diet, whereas the second and third groups were supplemented with dried lemon, 1% or 2% DLP, respectively.

The b-ZIP transcription factor FgTfmI is required for the fungicide phenamacril tolerance and pathogenecity in Fusarium graminearum.

Background: Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease of cereal crops worldwide mainly caused by Fusarium graminearum. Due to the unavailability of FHB-resistant wheat cultivars, chemical fungicide application is currently the most effective approach for controlling FHB now. In the last few years, a novel cyanoacrylate fungicide, phenamacril, has been widely used in China for FHB disease management.

Phytochemical constituents, antioxidant activity and safety evaluation of Kei-apple fruit (Dovyalis caffra).

Present study was conducted to determine phytochemical constituents of Kei-apple fruit grown in Egypt, to evaluate antioxidant activity of the fruit extracts, and assess the safety of whole fruit extract (WFE) in acute and sub-chronic toxicity experiments using rats model. Chlorogenic acid and pyrogallol were the main identified phenolic compounds in dry fruits. Malic acid was the most abundant organic acid.

Potential of Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aurantiaca Strain Pcho10 as a Biocontrol Agent Against Fusarium graminearum.

To develop an effective biocontrol strategy for management of Fusarium head blight on wheat caused by Fusarium graminearum, the bacterial biocontrol agent Pcho10 was selected from more than 1,476 wheat-head-associated bacterial strains according to its antagonistic activity in vitro. This strain was subsequently characterized as Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aurantiaca based on 16S ribosomal DNA sequence analysis, assays of the BIOLOG microbial identification system, and unique pigment production.

Functional characterization of FgERG3 and FgERG5 associated with ergosterol biosynthesis, vegetative differentiation and virulence of Fusarium graminearum.

The ergosterol biosynthesis pathway is well characterized in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, while little is known about the pathway in filamentous fungi. In this study, we isolated and genetically documented biological functions of FgErg3 and FgErg5, which are located upstream of FgErg4, the enzyme catalyzing the final step of ergosterol synthesis in Fusarium graminearum. Our results demonstrated that F.