Systematic review of family-based interventions integrating cultural and family resilience components to improve Black adolescent health outcomes.

Background: Past reviews have shown that culturally salient resilience interventions buffer the negative effects of racial discrimination on psychological and behavioral outcomes among Black youth. However, these prior reviews neglect to integrate trials targeting physical health and/or health-promoting outcomes, synthesize trials based on methodological rigor, or systematically assess efficacy or resilience intervention components.

Purpose: This systematic review expands on past research by (1) providing an up to-date literature review on family-based cultural resilience interventions across a range of health-related outcomes (physical health, health behaviors, health risk-taking behaviors, and psychological), (2) evaluating the rigor of these interventions, (3) analyzing the efficacy of rigorous interventions, and (4) describing the resilience intervention components of rigorous interventions.

Effects of Responsiveness and Responsibility Parenting Factors on Family Mealtime Outcomes in Overweight African American Adolescents.

Background/objectives: Family meals have been shown to be an important protective factor for positive health outcomes. This study assessed the associations of parenting factors with family mealtime among overweight African American adolescents over a period of 4 months. It was hypothesized that increases in warm and responsive parenting (parental responsiveness, parental responsibility) would be associated with increased frequency and quality of family mealtimes, while more demanding and controlling parenting (parental demandingness, parental monitoring) would be associated with a reduced frequency and quality of family mealtimes over time.

The Use of Social Marketing in Community-Wide Physical Activity Programs: A Scoping Review.

Background: Previous community-wide physical activity trials have been criticized for methodological limitations, lack of population-level changes, and insufficient reach among underserved communities. Social marketing is an effective technique for community-wide behavior change and can coincide with principles of community-based participatory research (CBPR).

Purpose: A systematic scoping review of community-wide interventions (system-level) targeting physical activity and/or weight loss was conducted to (i) describe and critically discuss how social marketing strategies are implemented; (ii) identify which populations have been targeted, including underserved communities; (iii) evaluate the use of CBPR frameworks; (iv) assess retention rates; and (v) identify gaps in the literature and formulate future recommendations.

Using formative process evaluation to improve program implementation and accessibility of competitive group-based physical activity in the TEAM-PA trial.

Background: This study demonstrates how formative process evaluation was used to assess implementation and improve dose and fidelity in the Together Everyone Achieves More Physical Activity (TEAM-PA) randomized controlled trial. TEAM-PA uses a randomized group cohort design to evaluate the efficacy of a group-based intervention for increasing physical activity among African American women.

Methods: Intervention groups met for 10 weeks and were co-led by female African American facilitators, with intervention sessions consisting of group feedback, a health curriculum, group-based physical activity games, and group-based goal-setting.

Strength-based strategies for addressing racial stressors in African American families: lessons learned from developing the LEADS health promotion intervention.

Recognizing the real-life impact of racial stress on physical and psychological health is vital for creating impactful health promotion interventions among African American families. Despite the known link between racial stress and poor physical health outcomes, no existing intervention to date has targeted stress management strategies to buffer racial stress and build positive health behaviors among African American families. The current study outlines the lessons learned throughout the development of the Linking Exercise for Advancing Daily Stress (LEADS) Management and Resilience program, a 10-week family-based health promotion, stress management, and resilience intervention that aimed to improve physical activity, healthy eating, and well-being among African American adolescents and parents.

Black men's health-related quality of life: A qualitative study to understand community-identified perception and needs.

Objective: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is a multidimensional indicator of overall health associated with premature mortality. Black men score low on measures of HRQoL, but it is unclear how Black men conceptualize HRQoL and whether there have been efforts to promote HRQoL among these men. The present qualitative study to understand Black men's conceptualization of HRQoL and strategies to improve HRQoL was based in community-based participatory research and the social-ecological model of health.

The Association Between Meeting Physical Activity Guidelines and Mental Health Among High-School Students in the United States During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Purpose: Physical activity (PA) is associated with mental health outcomes in high-school students, yet many students do not meet the recommended PA levels. Furthermore, both PA levels and mental health were severely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to assess whether the number of PA recommendations students met during the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with their self-reported mental health (including their experiences with stress, anxiety, and depression) during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Shop Talk: A Qualitative Study to Understand Peer Health-related Communication Among Black Men at the Barbershop.

Background: While successful health promotion efforts among Black men have been implemented at barbershops, the focus has largely been on outcomes as opposed to the processes by which outcomes are produced. An understanding of processes can be leveraged in the design and implementation of future efforts to improve the health of Black men.

Purpose: The objectives of the present study were to: (i) understand peer-derived sources of health-related support at the barbershop and (ii) understand the role of the barbershop in promoting health among Black men.

Compounding effects of stress on diet, physical activity, and wellbeing among African American parents: a qualitative study to inform the LEADS health promotion trial.

The purpose of the study was to conduct in-depth qualitative interviews to understand the lived experiences of African American parents of overweight adolescents who had previously participated in a family-based weight loss program and to utilize these insights to inform the essential elements of the LEADS trial, an integrated resilience stress management and health promotion intervention. Participants (N = 30) were African American parents and/or caregivers (96.7% female; M = 49.

Implementing barbershop-based health-promotion interventions for Black men: A systematic scoping review.

Objective: Health-promotion efforts among Black men in the United States have been limited in their ability to recruit, retain, and produce meaningful health-related changes. These difficulties have led to Black men being referred to as a "hard-to-reach" population-a designation that places undue blame on these men as opposed to the dissemination and implementation strategies being used by health-promotion specialists. Gender- and race-based strategies that align with the lived experiences of these men are likely to circumvent these challenges.

An overview of the Together Everyone Achieves More Physical Activity (TEAM-PA) trial to increase physical activity among African American women.

Background: The Together Everyone Achieves More Physical Activity (TEAM-PA) trial is a randomized controlled trial testing the efficacy of a group-based intervention for increasing physical activity (PA) among insufficiently active African American women.

Design: The TEAM-PA trial uses a group cohort design, is implemented at community sites, and will involve 360 African American women. The trial compares a 10-week group-based intervention vs.

A qualitative study of ecological and motivational factors to inform weight management interventions for Black men in the rural South of the United States.

Rationale And Objective: Black men in the rural South of the United States (US) are underrepresented in weight management behavioral trials. Qualitative research is needed to inform interventions that can reduce obesity and health disparities in this population. We explored how intrapersonal, social, and environmental factors affect motivation and weight-related behaviors and how to culturally adapt behavioral interventions for Black men in the rural South.

Engagement With Tailored Physical Activity Content: Secondary Findings From the Families Improving Together for Weight Loss Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Web-based tailored interventions offer rich opportunities for improved access to and personalization of behavioral interventions. However, despite the promise of this approach, the engagement and underrepresentation of minority groups remain major issues.

Objective: This study evaluated whether engagement (log-in status and log-in duration) with different types of tailored behavioral content from the Families Improving Together for weight loss web-based intervention was associated with changes in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among African American families with overweight or obesity.

Behavioural medicine theory-based intervention strategies for promoting oral health.

Objectives: The field of Behavioural Medicine offers strategies that can minimize the need for more intensive medical treatments and can improve outcomes of these treatments and adherence to medication prescriptions or postsurgical recommendations. Thus, this paper provides scientific evidence and examples of behavioural and motivational strategies for improving adherence to oral health recommendations.

Methods: Increasing evidence from randomized controlled trials suggests that improving self-regulation, autonomous motivation and social environmental supports for adherence are critical for improving a wide range of behaviours including oral health behaviours.

Parental decision-making on summer program enrollment: A mixed methods Covid-19 impact study.

Background: The closure of childcare organizations (e.g. schools, childcare centers, afterschool programs, summer camps) during the Covid-19 pandemic impacted the health and wellbeing of families.

Buffering effects of protective factors on light and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity among african american women.

Physical activity (PA) plays an integral role in reducing risk for the leading causes of death and has also been shown to buffer stress. Based on the stress-buffering hypothesis, the present study examined whether protective factors (self-efficacy and informal social control) buffered the effects of perceived stress on PA over time. Secondary data analyses of female African American caregivers (N = 143) were conducted using data from the Families Improving Together (FIT) trial.

The Importance of Addressing Multilevel Transactional Influences of Childhood Obesity to Inform Future Health Behavior Interventions.

We provide a transactional model of health for understanding the early risk of obesity in youth. This model argues that positive health is construed through the choices and actions that youth take within the range of resources and constraints of their biological and contextual situations across time. Social, cognitive, affective, and behavioral regulatory/motivational processes within the child mediate the relation between life experiences and health outcomes and obesity pathways are influenced by cumulative risk or protective processes for health promotion/compromising behaviors influencing health.

Results from "Developing Real Incentives and Volition for Exercise" (DRIVE): A pilot randomized controlled trial for promoting physical activity in African American women.

Objective: Motivation is a barrier to physical activity (PA) among African American (AA) women, but past studies have implemented a "one-size-fits-all" approach and have not addressed differences in autonomous motivation. This pilot randomized controlled trial assessed the preliminary efficacy of "Developing Real Incentives and Volition for Exercise," a community- and theory-based intervention, which evaluated whether a motivationally matched (vs. a nonmatched) intervention increases daily total PA.

The Results of the Families Improving Together (FIT) for Weight Loss Randomized Trial in Overweight African American Adolescents.

Background: Few intervention studies have integrated cultural tailoring, parenting, behavioral, and motivational strategies to address African American adolescent weight loss.

Purpose: The Families Improving Together (FIT) for Weight Loss trial was a randomized group cohort study testing the efficacy of a cultural tailoring, positive parenting, and motivational intervention for weight loss in overweight African American adolescents (N = 241 adolescent/caregiver dyads).

Methods: The trial tested an 8-week face-to-face group motivational plus family weight loss program (M + FWL) compared with a comprehensive health education control program.

An overview of the Connect through PLAY trial to increase physical activity in underserved adolescents.

Background: The Connect through Positive Leisure Activities for Youth (Connect through PLAY) trial is a prospective, randomized controlled trial implemented within pre-existing afterschool programs (ASPs) comparing a staff-based social development physical activity (PA) program to a health curriculum active control. The efficacy trial aims to improve staff capacity for implementing effective physical activity (PA) programming within ASPs serving underserved youth (minority, low-income) through enhancing the influence of ASP staff as key change agents and addressing the social development needs of adolescents.

Design And Setting: The 5-year cluster randomized trial will involve 30 ASPs that are randomized to either the Connect through PLAY intervention or the active health curriculum control.

Individual differences in the effects of the ACTION-PAC intervention: an application of personalized medicine in the prevention and treatment of obesity.

There is an increased interest in the use of personalized medicine approaches in the prevention or treatment of obesity, however, few studies have used these approaches to identify individual differences in treatment effects. The current study demonstrates the use of the predicted individual treatment effects framework to test for individual differences in the effects of the ACTION-PAC intervention, which targeted the treatment and prevention of obesity in a high school setting. We show how methods for personalized medicine can be used to test for significant individual differences in responses to an intervention and we discuss the potential and limitations of these methods.

Evaluating Experiences of Stress and Coping Among African American Women During the COVID-19 Pandemic to Inform Future Interventions.

Background: African American (AA) women experience disproportionate levels of chronic disease, which is theorized to be driven by greater exposure to acute and chronic stress. The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has further exacerbated existing health disparities among AA communities. Understanding how AA women have experienced and responded to stress during the pandemic may help to inform how future interventions can better address physical and mental well-being in AA communities.

Improving Recruitment, Retention, and Cultural Saliency of Health Promotion Efforts Targeting African American Men: A Scoping Review.

Background: When health promotion efforts intend to include African American men, they experience challenges with recruitment and retention, in addition to limited cultural saliency-interventions that do not align the cultural preferences and experiences of the target population produce less effective results.

Purpose: This scoping review provides an understanding of (a) how health promotion efforts among African American men are developed and implemented, in addition to the (b) main outcomes, (c) retention rates, and (d) methodological rigor of those efforts.

Methods: The following databases were used: PubMed, EMBASE (Ovid), PsycINFO (EBSCO), CINAHL (EBSCO), Web of Science (Clarivate), and ProQuest.