Can We Finally Move the Needle on Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Nursing?

Much attention has been given to diversity, equity, and inclusion in health care for more than a decade. This has resulted in slow progression in moving the needle. Minority nurses continue to be unrepresented and express higher levels of dissatisfaction in comparison with their White counterparts.

Peer review of presentations through examination software.

Background And Purpose: Peer evaluations are often utilized to allow student pharmacists practice in giving and receiving feedback. In a small class setting, these can easily be completed and feedback distributed quickly. However, in the larger class setting, reviewing and disseminating peer feedback can be quite cumbersome, especially if using paper format.

Exploring correlation of nurse manager meaning and joy in work with employee engagement.

Aim: To determine the correlation between meaning and joy in work among managers with employee engagement.

Background: The Institute of Healthcare Improvement and the National Patient Safety Foundation both recognize the link between joy and meaning in work and an optimally performing healthcare system. The relationship between manager joy and employee engagement is unknown.

NICHE Recommended Care of the Critically Ill Older Adult.

Nurses Improving Care for Healthsystem Elders provides evidence-based best practices for the care of the hospitalized older adult. Older adults are a vulnerable population at greater risk of functional decline during and after hospitalization, safety concerns related to polypharmacy, ineffective pain management, and population-specific physiological responses to medications. Family members of hospitalized older adults are also vulnerable and may experience postintensive care syndrome.

WITHDRAWN: Radiotherapy for the palliation of painful bone metastases.

This review is out of date and has been withdrawn. The content of the review may be of historical interest to readers. The editorial group responsible for this previously published document have withdrawn it from publication.

An observational descriptive study of the epidemiology and treatment of neuropathic pain in a UK general population.

Background: This study updated our knowledge of UK primary care neuropathic pain incidence rates and prescribing practices.

Methods: Patients with a first diagnosis of post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN), painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) or phantom limb pain (PLP) were identified from the General Practice Research Database (2006 - 2010) and incidence rates were calculated. Prescription records were searched for pain treatments from diagnosis of these conditions and the duration and daily dose estimated for first-line and subsequent treatment regimens.

Observational study of the association of first insulin type in uncontrolled type 2 diabetes with macrovascular and microvascular disease.

Aims: To compare the risk of vascular disease, HbA1c and weight change, between first prescribed insulins in people with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: People included in THIN United Kingdom primary care record database who began insulin (2000-2007) after poor control on oral glucose-lowering agents (OGLD) were grouped by the number of OGLDs in their treatment regimen immediately before starting insulin (n = 3,485). Within OGLD group, Cox regression compared macrovascular (all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndrome and stroke) and microvascular disease (peripheral neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy) between insulin type (basal, pre-mix or Neutral Protamine Hagedorn, NPH) while ANCOVAs compared haemoglobin A(1c) (HbA(1c)) and weight change.

The burden associated with neuropathic pain in Western Europe.

Background: The purpose of this study is to assess the burden of neuropathic pain (NeP) on health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL), health status, employment status, absenteeism and presenteeism, and direct medical costs in Western Europe.

Methods: Data are from the 2010 National Health and Wellness Survey (NHWS) for five countries in western Europe: the UK, France, Spain, Germany, and Italy. Among subjects who reported experiencing pain in the past month, those who attributed their pain to NeP were compared with those who attributed their pain to another chronic pain condition other than NeP (the latter was the reference group).

The impact and burden of chronic pain in the workplace: a qualitative systematic review.

Background: Chronic pain (CP) poses a diverse and substantial burden for employees, employers, and society. The deleterious consequences of CP in the workplace are frequently underestimated.

Objective: To estimate the burden of CP in the European workplace.

Macrovascular and microvascular outcomes after beginning of insulin versus additional oral glucose-lowering therapy in people with type 2 diabetes: an observational study.

Purpose: In type 2 diabetes, the optimal stage to introduce insulin can be unclear. We compared the incidence of subsequent vascular disease between treatment regimens, that is, adding another oral glucose-lowering drug (OGLD) versus starting insulin treatment.

Methods: People with poor control on OGLDs who intensified treatment (2000-2007) were grouped by number of baseline OGLDs.

Relationship between patient-reported disease severity and other clinical outcomes in osteoarthritis: a European perspective.

Objective: To determine how patient-rated osteoarthritis (OA) severity correlates with other patient-reported and clinical outcomes in the European clinical setting.

Methods: We used the Adelphi Arthritis VII (2008) Disease Specific Program (DSP). OA severity was patient-rated using the question 'How bad would you say your arthritis is now?' with responses of 'mild,' 'moderate,' and 'severe.

WITHDRAWN. Anticonvulsant drugs for acute and chronic pain.

Background: Anticonvulsant drugs have been used in the management of pain since the 1960s. The clinical impression is that they are useful for chronic neuropathic pain, especially when the pain is lancinating or burning. Readers are referred to reviews of carbamazepine and gabapentin in T he Cochrane Library which replace the information on those drugs in this review.

A randomised controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of a single session of nurse administered massage for short term relief of chronic non-malignant pain.

Background: Massage is increasingly used to manage chronic pain but its benefit has not been clearly established. The aim of the study is to determine the effectiveness of a single session of nurse-administered massage for the short term relief of chronic non-malignant pain and anxiety.

Methods: A randomised controlled trial design was used, in which the patients were assigned to a massage or control group.

Primary care incidence and treatment of four neuropathic pain conditions: a descriptive study, 2002-2005.

Background: Between 1992 and 2001 the UK general practice incidence of post-herpetic neuralgia and trigeminal neuralgia declined, whilst the incidence of painful diabetic neuropathy increased. The most common first line treatments were compound analgesics. As therapeutic options have subsequently changed, this study presents updated data on incidence and prescribing patterns in neuropathic pain.

Epidemiology and treatment of neuropathic pain: the UK primary care perspective.

The true incidence of neuropathic pain is unknown, but it is believed to be under-diagnosed and treated inadequately, despite the availability of drugs with proven efficacy. Our objective was to report the epidemiology and drug treatment of neuropathic pain as managed by UK primary care physicians. A descriptive analysis of the epidemiology of incident post-herpetic neuralgia (n=12,386); trigeminal neuralgia (8268); phantom limb pain (451) and painful diabetic neuropathy (4719) and prescription treatment at diagnosis from computerised UK general practice records (GPRD): January 1992 to April 2002.

Oral aspirin in postoperative pain: a quantitative systematic review.

Objectives: A systematic review of the analgesic efficacy and adverse effects of single-dose aspirin compared with placebo in postoperative pain.

Design: Published studies were identified from systematic searching of bibliographic databases and reference lists of retrieved reports. Summed pain intensity and pain relief data were extracted and converted into dichotomous information to yield the number of patients with at least 50% pain relief.

Variation in the placebo effect in randomised controlled trials of analgesics: all is as blind as it seems.

The objective was to investigate the relationship between pain relief scores produced by placebo and by active interventions in randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Individual patient categorical pain relief scores from 5 placebo-controlled single-dose parallel-group RCTs in acute postoperative pain were used to calculate the percentage of the maximum possible pain relief score (%maxTOTPAR) for the different treatments. One hundred and thirty of the 525 patients in the 5 trials had a placebo.

Dextromethorphan for the treatment of neuropathic pain: a double-blind randomised controlled crossover trial with integral n-of-1 design.

The aim was to compare the analgesic effectiveness and adverse effect incidence of oral dextromethorphan (DM) with placebo in patients with neuropathic pain. The first 10-day treatment period was a multiple-dose double-blind randomised controlled cross-over comparison of 13.5 mg of DM 3 times a day (t.

Postoperative orthopaedic pain--the effect of opiate premedication and local anaesthetic blocks.

The postoperative analgesic effect of opiate premedication and local anaesthetic blocks was studied in 929 patients having orthopaedic surgery. The median time to first request for postoperative analgesia was less than 2 h when neither opiate premedication nor block was used; opiate premedication increased the time significantly to more than 5 h; local anaesthetic block produced a further significant increase to 8 h and opiate premedication used with local anaesthetic block extended the median time further to more than 9 h. Women requested analgesia significantly earlier than men, independent of treatment.