The Effects of Kernel Type (Inshell, Shelled and Split Almonds) on the Growth and Aflatoxin Production of Under Different Combinations of Water Activity and Temperature.

Almonds are susceptible to infestation by , an aflatoxin-producing fungus. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of kernel type (inshell, shelled and split almonds) on the ability of to grow and produce aflatoxins at different combinations of temperature (20, 27 and 35 °C), water activity (0.85, 0.

Growth and Aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, and G2 Production by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus on Ground Flax Seeds (Linum usitatissimum).

Abstract: Flax seed has become an increasingly popular food ingredient because of its nutrient richness as well as potential health benefits. Flax seeds are often ground before consumption, and flax seed cakes are used as animal feed. Aflatoxin production may occur subsequently when the ground seeds are stored in an environment that supports fungal growth.

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) production by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus on ground Nyjer seeds: The effect of water activity and temperature.

Nyjer oil seed cake supports high levels of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) production. AFB1 is a secondary metabolite of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus, classified as a Class 1A carcinogen.

Effect of water activity, temperature, and incubation period on fungal growth and ochratoxin A production on Nyjer seeds.

Aspergillus fresenii and Aspergillus sulphureus produce ochratoxin A (OTA), which is a secondary metabolite of Aspergillus and Penicillium species, with nephrotoxic effects and potential carcinogenic activity. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of temperature (20, 30, and 37 °C), water activity (0.82, 0.

A mouse model for triple-negative breast cancer tumor-initiating cells (TNBC-TICs) exhibits similar aggressive phenotype to the human disease.

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) exhibit characteristics quite distinct from other kinds of breast cancer, presenting as an aggressive disease--recurring and metastasizing more often than other kinds of breast cancer, without tumor-specific treatment options and accounts for 15% of all types of breast cancer with higher percentages in premenopausal African-American and Hispanic women. The reason for this aggressive phenotype is currently the focus of intensive research. However, progress is hampered by the lack of suitable TNBC cell model systems.

Internalization of exogenous ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (Arf6) proteins into cells.

Endogenous Arf6 is a myristoylated protein mainly involved in endosomal membrane traffic and structural organization at the plasma membrane. It has been shown that Arf6 mediates cancer cell invasion and shedding of plasma membrane microvesicles derived from tumor cells. In this article, we determined that Arf6 proteins both in the GDP and GTPγS bound forms can enter cells when simply added in the cell culture medium without requiring the myristoyl group.

Transferred NOESY NMR studies of biotin mimetic peptide (FSHPQNT) bound to streptavidin: a structural model for studies of peptide-protein interactions.

Protein-protein interactions control signaling, specific adhesion, and many other biological functions. The three-dimensional structures of the interfaces and bound ligand can be approached with transferred nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy NMR, which can be applied to much larger proteins than conventional NMR and requires less concentrated protein. However, it is not clear how accurately the structures of protein-bound peptides can be determined by transferred nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy.

NMR structural studies of the myristoylated N-terminus of ADP ribosylation factor 6 (Arf6).

Arf proteins are guanine nucleotide binding proteins that are implicated in endocytotic pathways and vesicle trafficking. The two widely studied isoforms of Arf proteins (Arf1 and Arf6) have different cellular functions and localizations but similar structures. Arf proteins have an N-terminal helix with a covalently bound myristoyl group.