Tigecycline Absorption Improved by Selected Excipients.

To investigate the effects of (2,6-di-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin (DM-β-CD), (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD), tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS), sodium desoxycholate (SDOCH), trimethyl chitosan (TMC), and sodium caprate (C10) on the plasma concentration and the oral bioavailability of tigecycline in broiler chickens. To test the effects of the excipients on absorption of tigecycline, a tetracycline that is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, broiler chickens were used as an animal model. Tigecycline (10 mg/kg body weight) was administered intravenously, orally, and orally with one of the excipients.

Alkaline-Earth Metal Mediated Benzene-to-Biphenyl Coupling.

Complex [( BDI)Ca] (C H ), with a C H dianion bridging two Ca ions, reacts with benzene to yield [( BDI)Ca] (biphenyl) with a bridging biphenyl dianion ( BDI=HC[C(Me)N-DIPeP] ; DIPeP=2,6-CH(Et) -phenyl). The biphenyl complex was also prepared by reacting [( BDI)Ca] (C H ) with biphenyl or by reduction of [( BDI)CaI] with KC in presence of biphenyl. Benzene-benzene coupling was also observed when the deep purple product of ball-milling [( BDI)CaI(THF)] with K/KI was extracted with benzene (DIPP=2,6-CH(Me) -phenyl) giving crystalline [( BDI)Ca(THF)] (biphenyl) (52 % yield).

Access to a Labile Monomeric Magnesium Radical by Ball-Milling.

In order to isolate a monometallic Mg radical, the precursor (Am)MgI⋅(CAAC) (1) was prepared (Am=tBuC(N-DIPP) , DIPP=2,6-diisopropylphenyl, CAAC=cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene). Reduction of a solution of 1 in toluene with the reducing agent K/KI led to formation of a deep purple complex that rapidly decomposed. Ball-milling of 1 with K/KI gave the low-valent Mg complex (Am)Mg⋅(CAAC) (2) which after rapid extraction with pentane and crystallization was isolated in 15 % yield.

N-Activated 1,3-Benzoxazine Monomer as a Key Agent in Polybenzoxazine Synthesis.

A novel and successful application of ring-closing reactions of aminophenols has been proposed for the formation of a new type of 1,3-benzoxazine ionic derivatives. The optimization of the reaction and detailed computational studies have been reported for the estimation of heterocyclic ring stability and its further transformation, which is crucial in the polymerization process. The molecular structure of the obtained compounds has been fully characterized by applying X-ray analysis and spectroscopic methods.

Lastingly Colored Polylactide Synthesized by Dye-Initiated Polymerization.

An efficient synthesis strategy of a well-defined polylactide-dye conjugate in a controlled fashion is presented. The introduction of coloring species as end groups of polylactide (PLA) has been performed by using new homoleptic aminophenolate magnesium or zinc coordination compounds. The molecular structure of metal complexes has been determined in solution by NMR spectroscopy, and in the solid state by X-ray analysis.

Scrabbling around in Synthetic Nuances Managing Sodium Compounds: Bisphenol/Bisnaphthol Synthesis by Hydroxyl Group Masking.

A unique method of bisphenol/bisnaphthol synthesis is being proposed, serendipitously discovered in the course of the careful analysis of an aminophenol methylation reaction. The insightful exploration of the synthesis of N- or O-methylated species, originating from functionalized phenols obtained by a conventional strategy, provided the opportunity to discover an unexpected reaction pathway yielding various bisphenols. Sodium complexes were found to be crucial intermediates in the synthetic scenario.

Preparation and Characterization of Self-Assembled Poly(l-Lactide) on the Surface of β-Tricalcium Diphosphate(V) for Bone Tissue Theranostics.

This work was aimed to obtain and characterize the well-defined biocomposites based on β-tricalcium diphosphate(V) (β-TCP) co-doped with Ce and Pr ions modified by poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) with precise tailored chain length and different phosphate to polymer ratio. The composites as well as β-tricalcium diphosphate(V) were spectroscopically characterized using emission spectroscopy and luminescence kinetics. Morphological and structural properties were studied using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).

Serendipitous Synthesis Found in the Nuances of Homoleptic Zinc Complex Formation.

A series of aminophenolate and aminonaphtholate homoleptic zinc complexes were obtained using a simple and unique synthetic strategy. A rigorous analysis of the byproduct supported modifications of the main course of the bis-chelation reaction. Controlled alcoholysis was followed by alternation and controlled anaerobic hydrolysis of ethyl-zinc aminophenolate or aminonaphtholate complexes.

Bio- and chemocatalysis cascades as a bridge between biology and chemistry for green polymer synthesis.

The development and integration of bio- and chemocatalytic processes to convert renewable or biomass feedstocks into polymers is a vibrant field of research with enormous potential for environmental protection and the mitigation of global warming. Here, we review the biotechnological and chemical synthetic strategies for producing platform monomers from bio-based sources and transforming them into eco-polymers. We also discuss their advanced bio-application using the example of polylactide (PLA), the most valuable green polymer on the market.

Lactide as the Playmaker of the ROP Game: Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of Ring-Opening Polymerization of Lactide Initiated by Aminonaphtholate Zinc Complexes.

A family of homo- and heteroleptic zinc complexes bearing aminonaphtholate ligands was synthesized and fully characterized. Using NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculation, bis-alkoxy-bridged complexes [LZn(μ-OR)] were confirmed to have dimeric structures in solution, analogous to those obtained via X-ray crystallography. Surprisingly, a detailed experimental and theoretical study of the catalytic activity of [LZn(μ-OR)] in the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of lactides showed that although well-defined alkoxy dimers possess a single-site structural motif, the most active initiator is obtained during in situ alcoholysis of the alkylzinc precursor.

Effects of dexamethasone and meloxicam on bovine CD25+ CD8+ and CD25- CD8+ T cells--in vitro study.

The aim of undertaken research was an in vitro evaluation of the effects of dexamethasone and meloxicam on selected bovine CD8(+) T lymphocyte subpopulations. Dexamethasone induced a fast-occurring and lasting depletion of CD25(-)CD8(+) cells. This was primarily the result of the proapoptotic effect of dexamethasone, but the antiproliferative effect of the drug was clearly responsible for the deepening of this disturbance.