3D genomic analysis reveals novel enhancer-hijacking caused by complex structural alterations that drive oncogene overexpression.

Cancer genomes are composed of many complex structural alterations on chromosomes and extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA), making it difficult to identify non-coding enhancer regions that are hijacked to activate oncogene expression. Here, we describe a 3D genomics-based analysis called HAPI (Highly Active Promoter Interactions) to characterize enhancer hijacking. HAPI analysis of HiChIP data from 34 cancer cell lines identified enhancer hijacking events that activate both known and potentially novel oncogenes such as MYC, CCND1, ETV1, CRKL, and ID4.

Overshadowing and salience attribution in relation to cannabis use.

Aberrant attentional salience has been implicated in the cannabis-psychosis association. Here, history and frequency of cannabis use were examined against changes in overshadowing (OS), a cue competition paradigm that involves salience processing. Additionally, we examined the association between OS and alternative measures of aberrant salience, as well as schizotypy, in a non-clinical adult sample.

3D genomic analysis reveals novel enhancer-hijacking caused by complex structural alterations that drive oncogene overexpression.

Cancer genomes are composed of many complex structural alterations on chromosomes and extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA), making it difficult to identify non-coding enhancer regions that are hijacked to activate oncogene expression. Here, we describe a 3D genomics-based analysis called HAPI (Highly Active Promoter Interactions) to characterize enhancer hijacking. HAPI analysis of HiChIP data from 34 cancer cell lines identified enhancer hijacking events that activate both known and potentially novel oncogenes such as , , , and .

Genes, personality, and political behavior: .

In this article, we examine whether there is genetic overlap between personality traits and political participation, interest, and efficacy. We make several contributions to the literature. First, we use new data from a large sample of twins from Denmark to examine the link between genes, the Big Five traits, and political behavior.

Subtle primes of in-group and out-group affiliation change votes in a large scale field experiment.

Identifying the influence of social identity over how individuals evaluate and interact with others is difficult in observational settings, prompting scholars to utilize laboratory and field experiments. These often take place in highly artificial settings or, if in the field, ask subjects to make evaluations based on little information. Here we conducted a large-scale (N = 405,179) field experiment in a real-world high-information context to test the influence of social identity.

Latent inhibition, aberrant salience, and schizotypy traits in cannabis users.

Aberrant salience processing may underlie the link between cannabis and psychosis, as posited in individuals with schizophrenia or high schizotypy. We investigated the relative effects of cannabis use, schizotypy status, and self-reported aberrant salience experiences on salience processing, measured using a latent inhibition (LI) task (Granger et al., 2016), in a non-clinical population.

Cannabis Use, Schizotypy and Kamin Blocking Performance.

Cannabis use has been associated with increased risk for a first episode of psychosis and inappropriate assignment of salience to extraneous stimuli has been proposed as a mechanism underlying this association. Psychosis-prone (especially schizotypal) personality traits are associated with deficits in associative learning tasks that measure salience allocation. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between history of cannabis use and Kamin blocking (KB), a form of selective associative learning, in a non-clinical sample.

High Schizotypy Predicts Emotion Recognition Independently of Negative Affect.

Deficits in Emotion Recognition (ER) contribute significantly to poorer functional outcomes in people with schizophrenia. However, rather than reflecting a core symptom of schizophrenia, reduced ER has been suggested to reflect increased mood disorder co-morbidity and confounds of patient status such as medication. We investigated whether ER deficits are replicable in psychometrically defined schizotypy, and whether this putative association is mediated by increased negative affect.

Does cannabis use predict psychometric schizotypy via aberrant salience?

Cannabis can induce acute psychotic symptoms in healthy individuals and exacerbate pre-existing psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. Inappropriate salience allocation is hypothesised to be central to the association between dopamine dysregulation and psychotic symptoms. This study examined whether cannabis use is associated with self-reported salience dysfunction and schizotypal symptoms in a non-clinical population.

Cross-Cultural Validation of the Compulsive Internet Use Scale in Four Forms and Eight Languages.

The 14-item Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS) is one of the most frequently internationally adapted psychometric instruments developed to assess generalized problematic Internet use. Multiple adaptations of this instrument have led to versions in different languages (e.g.

Olfactory threshold selectively predicts positive psychometric schizotypy.

Olfactory impairment might be useful as a non-invasive pre-morbid biological marker of psychosis. People with schizophrenia show consistent impairments, but an association between olfaction and schizotypy in non-clinical populations is inconclusive and has been somewhat controversial. This is important as impairment in patients may be artefacts of antipsychotic medication.

Stabilization of enzyme-immobilized hydrogels for extended hypoxic cell culture.

In this work, glucose oxidase (GOx)-immobilized hydrogels are developed and optimized as an easy and convenient means for creating solution hypoxia in a regular incubator. Specifically, acrylated GOx co-polymerizes with poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) to form PEGDA-GOx hydrogels. Results show that freeze-drying and reaction by-products, hydrogen peroxide, negatively affect oxygen-consuming activity of network-immobilized GOx.

New evidence on the link between genes, psychological traits, and political engagement.

We investigate the link between genes, psychological traits, and political engagement using a new data set containing information on a large sample of young German twins. The TwinLife Study enables us to examine the predominant model of personality, the Big Five framework, as well as traits that fall outside the Big Five, such as cognitive ability, providing a more comprehensive understanding of the underpinnings of political engagement. Our results support previous work showing genetic overlap between some psychological traits and political engagement.

Role of Saliva and Salivary Diagnostics in the Advancement of Oral Health.

The objective of this article was to provide an account of some of the developments related to saliva over the first 100 years of the Journal of Dental Research and to outline some of the many biomarkers identified in saliva in the last few years. The first section covers findings in salivary physiology, biochemistry, calcium phosphate chemistry related to saliva, microbiology, and the role of saliva in maintaining oral health. The second section highlights salivary diagnostics, salivaomics, and saliva exosomics in the context of the emerging theme of personalized and precision medicine.

[Medicaments and oral healthcare. Systematic review of the -literature assessing the effect of drugs on the salivary glands].

Evidence-based reviews of drugs causing medication-induced salivary gland dysfunction, such as xerostomia (sensation of oral dryness) and subjective sialorrhea are lacking. To compile a list of medicaments that influence salivary gland function, electronic databases were searched for relevant articles published up to June 2013. A total of 269 papers out of 3,867 records located satisfied the inclusion criteria (relevance, quality of methodology, strength of evidence).

Identification of Overweight and Obesity in Low-Income Minority Children by Pediatric Providers and Child Characteristics Associated With Underrecognition.

Introduction: Childhood overweight and obesity remains prevalent. We sought to identify characteristics associated with correct coding of obese and overweight children ages 2-9 years by pediatric primary care providers (PCPs) in an urban, minority clinic.

Method: Samples included electronic health records pre- (n = 262) and post- (n = 244) provider training to implement an intervention aiming to improve consistency in obesity prevention and management guidelines from 15 providers.

Measurement Invariance of the Short Version of the Problematic Mobile Phone Use Questionnaire (PMPUQ-SV) across Eight Languages.

The prevalence of mobile phone use across the world has increased greatly over the past two decades. Problematic Mobile Phone Use (PMPU) has been studied in relation to public health and comprises various behaviours, including dangerous, prohibited, and dependent use. These types of problematic mobile phone behaviours are typically assessed with the short version of the Problematic Mobile Phone Use Questionnaire (PMPUQ⁻SV).

Correction: A sibling method for identifying vQTLs.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

A sibling method for identifying vQTLs.

The propensity of a trait to vary within a population may have evolutionary, ecological, or clinical significance. In the present study we deploy sibling models to offer a novel and unbiased way to ascertain loci associated with the extent to which phenotypes vary (variance-controlling quantitative trait loci, or vQTLs). Previous methods for vQTL-mapping either exclude genetically related individuals or treat genetic relatedness among individuals as a complicating factor addressed by adjusting estimates for non-independence in phenotypes.

It Runs in the Family: A Study of Political Candidacy Among Swedish Adoptees.

What motivates citizens to run for office? Recent work has shown that early life parental socialization is strongly associated with a desire to run for office. However, parents not only shape their children's political environment, they also pass along their genes to those same children. A growing area of research has shown that individual differences in a wide range of political behaviors and attitudes are linked to genetic differences.

The complexity of oral physiology and its impact on salivary diagnostics.

Objectives: Saliva contains biomarkers for systemic as well as oral diseases. This study was undertaken to assess the variability in the sources of such biomarkers (plasma, cells) and attempted to identify saliva deterioration markers in order to improve saliva diagnostic outcomes.

Materials And Methods: Inter- and intrasubject variations in salivary gingival crevicular fluid levels were determined by measuring salivary albumin and transferrin levels.

Improving the social health of community-dwelling older people living with dementia through a reablement program.

ABSTRACTPsychological, neurological, and social impairments caused by dementia may limit the person's everyday living and experiences, but their capacity to enjoy a meaningful life is still retained. Increasingly, evidence has been shown the importance of reablement approaches to care in maximizing the older person's independence, health, and well-being through increased engagement in their daily, physical, social, and community activities. However, there is a major knowledge gap in providing reablement for people living with dementia.

Enzyme-immobilized hydrogels to create hypoxia for in vitro cancer cell culture.

Hypoxia is a critical condition governing many aspects of cellular fate processes. The most common practice in hypoxic cell culture is to maintain cells in an incubator with controlled gas inlet (i.e.