Publications by authors named "Dawei Guan"

Drowning diagnosis and postmortem submersion interval (PMSI) estimation are still major challenges in forensic practice. Our recent studies provided evidence that microbiota successions in multiple organs, including intestine, liver, and brain, were valuable indicators for PMSI estimation. Meanwhile, microbiota in the lung from corpses submerged for 3 days presented obvious difference between drowning and postmortem submersion.

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Monozygotic twins (MZTs) share nearly identical genomic DNA sequences, making traditional forensic short tandem repeats (STR) genotyping methods ineffective for distinguishing between them. In recent years, the use of epigenetic factors in forensic applications has gained traction. The dynamic epigenetic factors can be influenced by inherited traits or acquired environmental factors.

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Objectives: This study aimed to quantify the additional cardioprotective effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) beyond the traditional risk factors control in individuals with type 2 diabetes. This helps calibrate the Building, Relating, Assessing, and Validating Outcomes (BRAVO) diabetes simulation model to capture the total cardiovascular benefits of new diabetes medications accurately.

Methods: We extracted patient characteristics and treatment efficacy data from 4 cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) of SGLT2is and 4 CVOTs of GLP-1RAs completed before May 2023.

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Estimation of the age of epidural hematoma (EDH) is a challenge in clinical forensic medicine, and this issue has yet to be conclusively resolved. The advantages of objectivity and non-invasiveness make computing tomography (CT) imaging an potential diagnostic method for EDH in living individuals. Recently, radiomics, the extraction hidden information from medical images, has emerged as a promising method for constructing predictive models.

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Background: Phosphorus (P) plays a vital role in plant growth. The pqqC and phoD genes serve as molecular markers for inorganic and organic P breakdown, respectively. However, the understanding of how P-mobilizing bacteria in soil respond to long-term fertilization and rhizobium application is limited.

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Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been shown to be pivotal regulators in various human diseases by participating in gene splicing, acting as microRNA (miRNA) sponges, interacting with RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), and translating into short peptides. As the back-splicing products of pre-mRNAs, many circRNAs can modulate the expression of their host genes through transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational control via interaction with other molecules. This review provides a detailed summary of these regulatory mechanisms based on the class of molecules that they interact with, which encompass DNA, mRNA, miRNA, and RBPs.

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Nano-CT (computed tomography) technology enables high-resolution imaging and scanning of hydrate dissociation processes in porous media at submicron-scale resolution. However, due to the inability of nano-CT to withstand large torque, the traditional semiconductor cooling method cannot be used for in situ hydrate formation, resulting in the hindering of the effective operation of seepage simulators. Therefore, in this paper, a nano-CT-based in situ hydrate formation and seepage simulator are specially designed, and the torque and entanglement problems existing in traditional experimental devices can be solved by using a pipeline placed above the device and a built-in seepage line.

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Article Synopsis
  • Newer glucose-lowering drugs (GLDs) like GLP-1RA and SGLT2i offer significant heart and kidney protection compared to older drugs for individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) at high risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD).
  • A study analyzing data from 2005-2019 showed an increase in the use of GLP-1RA and SGLT2i, but by 2019, only 40% of eligible patients were using these beneficial medications.
  • The findings highlight a need for policy interventions to enhance the adoption of these newer treatments, as many patients remain untreated despite their potential benefits, especially considering variations in insurance coverage.
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Aim: Dysglycaemia accelerates cognitive decline. Intensive glucose control may help delay or prevent cognitive function decline (CFD). We aimed to determine how patient characteristics influence the effect of intensive glucose control [glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) <6.

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The separation of xenon/krypton gas mixtures is a valuable but challenging endeavor in the gas industry due to their similar physical characteristics and closely sized molecules. To address this, we investigated the effectiveness of the hydrate-based gas separation method for mixed Xe-Kr gas via molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The formation process of hydrates facilitates the encapsulation of guest molecules within hydrate cages, offering a potential strategy for gas separation.

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In forensic practice, determining the postmortem submersion interval (PMSI) and cause-of-death of cadavers in aquatic ecosystems has always been challenging task. Traditional approaches are not yet able to address these issues effectively and adequately. Our previous study proposed novel models to predict the PMSI and cause-of-death based on metabolites of blood from rats immersed in freshwater.

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Unlabelled: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that exert their biological functions as negative regulators of gene expression. They are involved in the skin wound healing process with a dynamic expression pattern and can therefore potentially serve as biomarkers for skin wound age estimation. However, no reports have described any miRNAs as suitable reference genes (RGs) for miRNA quantification in wounded skin or samples with post-mortem changes.

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Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) increases the risk of mental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases in the chronic phase. However, there is limited neuropathological or molecular data on the long-term neural dysfunction and its potential mechanism following adolescent TBI.

Methods: A total of 160 male mice aged 8 weeks were used to mimic moderate TBI by controlled cortical impact.

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Aim: This study compared the 5-year incidence rate of macrovascular and microvascular complications for tirzepatide, semaglutide and insulin glargine in individuals with type 2 diabetes, using the Building, Relating, Assessing, and Validating Outcomes (BRAVO) diabetes simulation model.

Research Design And Methods: This study was a 5-year SURPASS-2 trial extrapolation, with an insulin glargine arm added as an additional comparator. The 1-year treatment effects of tirzepatide (5, 10 or 15 mg), semaglutide (1 mg) and insulin glargine on glycated haemoglobin, systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein and body weights were obtained from the SUSTAIN-4 and SURPASS-2 trials.

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We report the case of a 28-year-old male patient diagnosed with extensive metastatic Ewing sarcoma that affected his facial bones. The patient came to us with left-sided jaw/facial pain that could not be managed successfully through conservative methods. We utilized radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of the left Gasserian (trigeminal) ganglion to alleviate the patient's pain successfully.

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Aims: To quantify the incremental health and economic burden associated with cognitive impairment (CI) among non-institutionalized people with diabetes ≥65 years in the United States.

Materials And Methods: Using 2016-2019 Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys data, we identified participants ≥65 years with diabetes. We used propensity score weighting to quantify the CI-associated incremental burden on health-related quality of life measured by the 12-item Short Form Survey (SF-12), including the mental component summary score, physical component summary score and health utility.

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This report aims to describe a case with an extremely low-located exiting nerve root and introduce the trans-pedicle approach for endoscopic transforaminal decompression, which can enable the safe visualization of the exiting nerve root. We present the medical history, imaging findings, and surgical procedures of a 62-year-old male who underwent left L3/4 and L4/5 endoscopic transforaminal decompression for foraminal stenosis. The patient presented with pain and numbness in the anterior and lateral aspects of the left thigh.

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Microbial diversity is an important indicator of soil fertility and plays an indispensable role in farmland ecosystem sustainability. The short-term effects of fertilization and rhizobium inoculation on soil microbial diversity and community structure have been explored extensively; however, few studies have evaluated their long-term effects. Here, we applied quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and amplicon sequencing to characterize the effect of 10-year fertilizer and rhizobium inoculation on bacterial communities in soybean bulk and rhizosphere soils at the flowering-podding and maturity stages.

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Ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria (AOA and AOB, respectively) are important intermediate links in the nitrogen cycle. Apart from the AOA and AOB communities in soil, we further investigated co-occurrence patterns and microbial assembly processes subjected to inorganic and organic fertilizer treatments for over 35 years. The amoA copy numbers and AOA and AOB communities were found to be similar for the CK and organic fertilizer treatments.

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Forensic microbiology has been widely used in the diagnosis of causes and manner of death, identification of individuals, detection of crime locations, and estimation of postmortem interval. However, the traditional method, microbial culture, has low efficiency, high consumption, and a low degree of quantitative analysis. With the development of high-throughput sequencing technology, advanced bioinformatics, and fast-evolving artificial intelligence, numerous machine learning models, such as RF, SVM, ANN, DNN, regression, PLS, ANOSIM, and ANOVA, have been established with the advancement of the microbiome and metagenomic studies.

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Ferroptosis and iron-related redox imbalance aggravate traumatic brain injury (TBI) outcomes. NRF2 is the predominant transcription factor regulating oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in TBI, but its role in iron-induced post-TBI damage is unclear. We investigated ferroptotic neuronal damage in the injured cortex and observed neurological deficits post-TBI.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study investigates how skeletal muscle heals after injury, focusing on the expression of specific biomarkers like Pax7, MyoD, myogenin, and IGF-1 to estimate wound age.
  • An experiment was conducted on 30 male rats with muscle contusions, using techniques such as immunohistochemistry and PCR to analyze the levels of these biomarkers.
  • The findings indicate that the expression levels of these biomarkers increase over time post-injury, potentially making them useful indicators for determining the age of muscle wounds.
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Pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) is a common cause of sudden unexpected death in forensic and clinical practice. Although the prevention of thrombosis has been paid more attention in clinical practice in recent years, the number of deaths due to PTE remains extensive. In the present study, 145 cases of fatal PTE were collected and retrospectively analyzed from 2001 to 2020 at the School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University in Liaoning Province, northeast of China.

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Microbial community succession during decomposition has been proven to be a useful tool for postmortem interval (PMI) estimation. Numerous studies have shown that the intestinal microbial community presented chronological changes after death and was stable in terrestrial corpses with different causes of death. However, the postmortem pattern of intestinal microbial community succession in cadavers retrieved from water remains unclear.

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