Implantable Microneedle-Mediated Eradication of Postoperative Tumor Foci Mitigates Glioblastoma Relapse.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains incurable despite multimodal treatments after surgical debulking. Almost all patients with GBM relapse within a narrow margin (2-3 cm) of the initial resected lesion due to the unreachable residual cancerous cells. Here, a completely biodegradable microneedle for surgical cavity delivery glioblastoma-associated macrophages (GAMs)-activating immune nano-stimulator that mitigates glioblastoma relapse is reported.

Decoding Macrophage Subtypes to Engineer Modulating Hydrogels for the Alleviation of Intervertebral Disk Degeneration.

A major pathological basis for low back pain is intervertebral disk degeneration, which is primarily caused by the degeneration of nucleus pulposus cells due to imbalances in extracellular matrix (ECM) anabolism and catabolism. The phenotype of macrophages in the local immune microenvironment greatly influences the balance of ECM metabolism. Therefore, the control over the macrophage phenotype of the ECM is promising to repair intervertebral disk degeneration.

Biocompatible Nano-Hydroxyapatites Regulate Macrophage Polarization.

Research on regulation of the immune microenvironment based on bioactive materials is important to osteogenic regeneration. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is believed to be a promising scaffold material for dental and orthopedic implantation due to its ideal biocompatibility and high osteoconductivity. However, any severe inflammation response can lead to loosening and fall of implantation, which cause implant failures in the clinic.

TGF-β1-induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) migration via histone demethylase KDM6B mediated inhibition of methylation marker H3K27me3.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are widely used in clinical research and therapy. Since the number of MSCs migration is extremely crucial at the lesion site, exploring the mechanisms to enhance the migration of MSCs is necessary. Therefore, this study focused on the epigenetic mechanisms in MSCs migration.

Endowing Polyetheretherketone Implants with Osseointegration Properties: In Situ Construction of Patterned Nanorod Arrays.

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is widely used in orthopedic and craniomaxillofacial surgeries as it exhibits excellent biocompatibility, mechanical property, and chemical stability. However, its clinical application is limited by the biological inertness of PEEK. Numerous efforts have been made to improve the bioactivity of this polymer over the years.

Fexofenadine Protects Against Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Through TNF Signaling.

Fexofenadine (FFD) is an antihistamine drug with an anti-inflammatory effect. The intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration process is involved in inflammation in which tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) plays an important role. This study aims to investigate the role of FFD in the pathological process of IVD degeneration.

3D-printed titanium implant combined with interleukin 4 regulates ordered macrophage polarization to promote bone regeneration and angiogenesis.

Aims: The use of 3D-printed titanium implant (DT) can effectively guide bone regeneration. DT triggers a continuous host immune reaction, including macrophage type 1 polarization, that resists osseointegration. Interleukin 4 (IL4) is a specific cytokine modulating osteogenic capability that switches macrophage polarization type 1 to type 2, and this switch favours bone regeneration.

Interleukin-4 assisted calcium-strontium-zinc-phosphate coating induces controllable macrophage polarization and promotes osseointegration on titanium implant.

Titanium (Ti) and its alloys are believed to be promising scaffold materials for dental and orthopedic implantation due to their ideal mechanical properties and biocompatibility. However, the host immune response always causes implant failures in the clinic. Surface modification of the Ti scaffold is an important factor in this process and has been widely studied to regulate the host immune response and to further promote bone regeneration.

Dynamic Change of Lumbar Structure and Associated Factors: A Retrospective Study.

Objective: To determine whether lumbar anatomy parameters are in dynamic change and related factors.

Methods: This is a retrospective study. Participants who did lumbar computed tomography (CT) scanning in Shandong University Qilu Hospital from October 2017 to March 2019 were selected.