Seroprevalence of brucellosis in sheep and goats from Al Jufrah district in Libya.

Introduction: brucellosis is a global neglected zoonotic disease affecting mainly livestock, causing communicable and zoonotic infections. This study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence and determine epidemiological risk factors associated with Brucella infection in sheep and goats in Al Jufrah central district of Libya.

Methods: sera samples from 555 animals (goats (n=320) and sheep (n=235)) sheep) were obtained and subjected to the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) then further confirmed by a validated Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Epidemiological manifestations and impact of healthcare-associated infections in Libyan national hospitals.

Background: Healthcare-associated infection is a serious global problem, particularly in developing countries. In North African countries, comprehensive research on the incidence and effects of such infections is rare. This study evaluated the epidemiology and determined the impact of healthcare-associated infections in Libyan national teaching hospitals.

Non-Atriotomy Surgical Ablation Is Associated With a Reduction of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation.

Background: Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is common after cardiac operations, and effective intraoperative techniques aimed at reducing POAF focus on limiting left atrial triggers through posterior pericardiotomy or pulmonary vein isolation. Prophylactic left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) is increasingly used in hopes of preventing POAF-associated strokes. We sought to compare the incidence of POAF in patients undergoing prophylactic LAAO with or without a prophylactic non-atriotomy surgical ablation (NASA).

Pax6 limits the competence of developing cerebral cortical cells to respond to inductive intercellular signals.

The development of stable specialized cell types in multicellular organisms relies on mechanisms controlling inductive intercellular signals and the competence of cells to respond to such signals. In developing cerebral cortex, progenitors generate only glutamatergic excitatory neurons despite being exposed to signals with the potential to initiate the production of other neuronal types, suggesting that their competence is limited. Here, we tested the hypothesis that this limitation is due to their expression of transcription factor Pax6.

The Impact of Armed Conflict on the Prevalence and Transmission Dynamics of HIV Infection in Libya.

The interrelationships between HIV/AIDS and armed conflict are a complex phenomenon, and studies are rarely devoted to this area of research. Libya is the second-largest country in Africa that has been evoked with war since the NATO intervention in 2011. The country has also experienced one of the largest HIV outbreaks associated with the Bulgarian nurse's saga.

The Energy Status of Astrocytes Is the Achilles' Heel of eIF2B-Leukodystrophy.

Translation initiation factor 2B (eIF2B) is a master regulator of global protein synthesis in all cell types. The mild genetic Eif2b5(R132H) mutation causes a slight reduction in eIF2B enzymatic activity which leads to abnormal composition of mitochondrial electron transfer chain complexes and impaired oxidative phosphorylation. Previous work using primary fibroblasts isolated from Eif2b5 mice revealed that owing to increased mitochondrial biogenesis they exhibit normal cellular ATP level.

A Framework and Curriculum for Training Residents in Population Health.

There is increasing imperative to train residents in population health. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) enhanced its mission with revised Common Program Requirements (CPRs), which were fully implemented on July 1, 2020. The revised CPRs state ACGME's mission: "The development of physicians in GME focused on excellence in delivery of safe, equitable, affordable, quality care; and the health of the populations they serve.

The Epidemiological and Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Libya.

COVID-19 is a global pandemic that has affected all aspects of life. Understanding its geographical and epidemiological characteristics has become particularly important in controlling the spread of the pandemic. Such studies are lacking in North African countries, particularly in Libya, which has the second largest area of any country in Africa and the longest coast facing Europe.

The Impact of Armed Conflict on the Epidemiological Situation of COVID-19 in Libya, Syria and Yemen.

Since the Arab uprising in 2011, Libya, Syria and Yemen have gone through major internal armed conflicts. This resulted in large numbers of deaths, injuries, and population displacements, with collapse of the healthcare systems. Furthermore, the situation was complicated by the emergence of COVID-19 as a global pandemic, which made the populations of these countries struggle under unusual conditions to deal with both the pandemic and the ongoing wars.

Epidemiological characterization and geographic distribution of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome infection in North African countries.

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a major global public health concern North African countries carry a disproportionate burden of HIV representing one of the highest rates in Africa.

Aim: To characterize the epidemiological and spatial trends of HIV infection in this region.

Methods: A systematic review was carried out on all the published data regarding HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in North African countries over ten years (2008-2017) following the PRISMA guidelines.

The epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in Libya during the ongoing-armed conflict.

COVID-19 can have even more dire consequences in countries with ongoing armed conflict. Libya, the second largest African country, has been involved in a major conflict since 2011. This study analyzed the epidemiological situation of the COVID-19 pandemic in Libya, examined the impact of the armed conflict in Libya on the spread of the pandemic, and proposes strategies for dealing with the pandemic during this conflict.

The epidemiological characterization and geographic distribution of hepatitis D virus infection in Libya.

Introduction: North Africa is known to be endemic for hepatitis D virus. However, data one the prevalence of this virus in Libya are scanty. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hepatitis D virus infection in Libya and analyze the demographic factors associated with the infection, and also to assess the variations across the regions and districts.

Whole Genome Sequence Analysis of the First Vancomycin-Resistant Isolates from a Libyan Hospital in Tripoli.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the molecular characteristics and genetic relatedness of the first reported cases of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) from the Tripoli Medical Center, Libya. In total, 43 VRE isolates were obtained from various clinical sites throughout the years 2013-2014, including 40 -type and 2 type vancomycin-resistant isolates and 1 -type . Of the 42 , 19 isolates were subjected to whole genome sequencing.

Spatiotemporal analysis and epidemiological characterization of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Libya within a twenty five year period: 1993-2017.

Background: Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an alarming problem in North African countries, but few studies have analyzed the geographical distribution of the epidemic. Libya, the second largest country in Africa and with the longest coast on the Mediterranean basin facing Europe, has experienced major outbreaks of HIV infection. Since then, no studies have followed up on the burden of HIV infections.

Trends and patterns of deaths, injuries and intentional disabilities within the Libyan armed conflict: 2012-2017.

Background: The consequences of armed conflicts impose considerable burdens on the economy and health care services, particularly in countries that are not equipped to deal with them, such as in the Middle-East, and North African countries. Little is known about the burden of mortality and injury resulting from the Libyan armed conflict. This study aimed to determine the trends and patterns of mortality, injury and disabilities directly associated with the Libyan armed conflict and analyze the geographic variation within the country during 2012-2107.

The geographic variation and spatiotemporal distribution of hepatitis C virus infection in Libya: 2007-2016.

Background: Hepatitis C Virus infection has been considered an important hidden pandemic in developing countries, particularly in Africa. It varies greatly from one region to another and even within districts of the same region. Macroscopic geospatial analysis has become an important scientific tool for identifying the density and clustering of HCV infection and provides epidemiological information for planning interventions and control strategies.