Multilocus Molecular Phylogeny of the Group (Umbilicariaceae, Lichenized Ascomycota) Supports Species Level and Neo-Endemic Status of .

The Northeast Asian endemic species of lichen-forming fungus is herein discussed in the global context of biogeography and phylogeny of the group. The name has been erroneously used by lichenologists for spp. from high latitudes or altitudes worldwide, as there are omphalodisc apothecia and rough "crystals" of a necral layer on the upper surface.

Global patterns in endemicity and vulnerability of soil fungi.

Fungi are highly diverse organisms, which provide multiple ecosystem services. However, compared with charismatic animals and plants, the distribution patterns and conservation needs of fungi have been little explored. Here, we examined endemicity patterns, global change vulnerability and conservation priority areas for functional groups of soil fungi based on six global surveys using a high-resolution, long-read metabarcoding approach.

The fungal literature-based occurrence database for southern West Siberia (Russia).

Background: The paper presents the initiative on literature-based occurrence data mobilisation of fungi and fungi-related organisms (literature-based occurrences, Darwin Core MaterialCitation) to develop the Fungal literature-based occurrence database for the southern West Siberia (FuSWS). The initiative on mobilisation of literature-based occurrence data started in the northern part of West Siberia in 2016. The present project extends the initiative to the southern regions and includes ten administrative territories (Tyumen Region, Sverdlovsk Region, Chelyabinsk Region, Omsk Region, Kurgan Region, Tomsk Region, Novosibirsk Region, Kemerovo Region, Altai Territory and Republic of Altai).

Author Correction: Chronicles of nature calendar, a long-term and large-scale multitaxon database on phenology.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Chronicles of nature calendar, a long-term and large-scale multitaxon database on phenology.

We present an extensive, large-scale, long-term and multitaxon database on phenological and climatic variation, involving 506,186 observation dates acquired in 471 localities in Russian Federation, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Belarus and Kyrgyzstan. The data cover the period 1890-2018, with 96% of the data being from 1960 onwards. The database is rich in plants, birds and climatic events, but also includes insects, amphibians, reptiles and fungi.

[Significance of uneasiness and depressive condition in elderly patients with arterial hypertension].

The article presents data on features of uneasiness and depression in elderly and senile patients with arterial hypertension. Age and gender differences of these problems are discussed. The patients of the senior age groups have normal level of uneasiness on a scale of situational uneasiness, and women of advanced age and patients of control group have the raised level of uneasiness on a scale of personal uneasiness.

[Socio-economic and health organizational problems of emergency and out-patient care for elderly and senile patients with arterial hypertension (according to the sociological monitoring)].

The article contains data about the peculiarities of socio-economic and health-organization factors in the rendering emergency and out-patient care for elderly and senile patients with arterial hypertension. The results of study of satisfaction by medical care quality depending on the age and gender of the patients are discussed. A large number of living alone and widowed patients among elderly patients is marked.

[Estimation the quality of life in elderly migrants of the Far North in the period of readaptation to new climatic conditions].

The article contains data about the peculiarities of indicators of the quality of life in elderly migrants of the Far North with arterial hypertension in the period of readaptation to new climatic conditions. Migrants of the Far North and residents of Krasnoyarsk revealed a moderate decline in the quality of life. Among all the factors reducing the quality of life of the subjects of study the most important is the need to be treated and to take drugs for chronic diseases.

[Characteristics of antihypertensive therapy in patients of older age groups].

The review presents the data on the characteristics of drug therapy in elderly and senile patients with arterial hypertension in terms of real-life clinical practice. The age and gender differences of these problems are discussed. The pharmacy epidemiologic analysis of antihypertensive therapy shows that nowadays treatment corresponds not fully to modern national and international recommendations about diagnostics and treatment of arterial hypertension.

Identifying a high fraction of the human genome to be under selective constraint using GERP++.

Computational efforts to identify functional elements within genomes leverage comparative sequence information by looking for regions that exhibit evidence of selective constraint. One way of detecting constrained elements is to follow a bottom-up approach by computing constraint scores for individual positions of a multiple alignment and then defining constrained elements as segments of contiguous, highly scoring nucleotide positions. Here we present GERP++, a new tool that uses maximum likelihood evolutionary rate estimation for position-specific scoring and, in contrast to previous bottom-up methods, a novel dynamic programming approach to subsequently define constrained elements.

Non-synonymous and synonymous coding SNPs show similar likelihood and effect size of human disease association.

Many DNA variants have been identified on more than 300 diseases and traits using Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWASs). Some have been validated using deep sequencing, but many fewer have been validated functionally, primarily focused on non-synonymous coding SNPs (nsSNPs). It is an open question whether synonymous coding SNPs (sSNPs) and other non-coding SNPs can lead to as high odds ratios as nsSNPs.

[Application of damper craniofixators from nitinol in plasty of skull defects].

An overview of the methods of fixation of the skull bones is presented,as well as discussion and characterization of different methods of fixation. A new system of fixation of the skull bones was used in osseous-plastic trepanation and reconstructive operations using nitinol craniofixators. Results of cranioplasty using craniofixators were analyzed in 62 patients with craniocerebral injuries and its consequences, vascular and oncological diseases of the brain.

Evolutionary constraint facilitates interpretation of genetic variation in resequenced human genomes.

Here, we demonstrate how comparative sequence analysis facilitates genome-wide base-pair-level interpretation of individual genetic variation and address two questions of importance for human personal genomics: first, whether an individual's functional variation comes mostly from noncoding or coding polymorphisms; and, second, whether population-specific or globally-present polymorphisms contribute more to functional variation in any given individual. Neither has been definitively answered by analyses of existing variation data because of a focus on coding polymorphisms, ascertainment biases in favor of common variation, and a lack of base-pair-level resolution for identifying functional variants. We resequenced 575 amplicons within 432 individuals at genomic sites enriched for evolutionary constraint and also analyzed variation within three published human genomes.

[Experimental research of biological inertness of nickel-titanium alloy with memory of the form].

Research was conducted on 26 adult outbred male and female mice, which were implanted with nickel-titanium wire in the paravertebral zone. The tissues surrounding the implants were studied macroscopically and histologically 2-8 months after the implantation. It was found that the morphological changes of tissues after nickel-titanium wire implantation were detected by microscopical study at the time intervals greater than 2 months after the operation.

Aminoxyl radicals as crosslinks for macromolecules of polyvinylpyrrolidone.

Using polyvinylpyrrolidone as an example, it has been shown that photolysis of ceric ammonium nitrate at room temperature can result in crosslinking of macromolecules. This process correlates with the formation of stable aminoxyl radicals, which are registered by EPR. The mechanism involves photodissociation of nitrate radicals produced in the primary reaction into nitric oxide or nitrogen dioxide depending on the wavelength of the light, and simultaneous formation of macroradicals.

LAGAN and Multi-LAGAN: efficient tools for large-scale multiple alignment of genomic DNA.

To compare entire genomes from different species, biologists increasingly need alignment methods that are efficient enough to handle long sequences, and accurate enough to correctly align the conserved biological features between distant species. We present LAGAN, a system for rapid global alignment of two homologous genomic sequences, and Multi-LAGAN, a system for multiple global alignment of genomic sequences. We tested our systems on a data set consisting of greater than 12 Mb of high-quality sequence from 12 vertebrate species.

Key biological structures of the human being's informational image.

This article deals with the corporeal and informational images of human beings. These images can be represented by key biological structures, such as biocells, nerve fibers, and acupuncture points. These structures are shown to transmit and process informational signals by means of electromagnetic (field) waves.

[Morphological validation of possibility of transmyocardial laser revascularization].

Serial section of 3 canine hearts were made 2 hours, 8 and 21 days after transmyocardial laser vascularization (TMLV). Morphological evidence show it possible to develop open transmyocardial channels within 21 days after TMLV if they are connected to their intrinsic myocardial vessels.

[Hypoxic stimulation and inspiratory resistive training in the rehabilitation of patients with chronic bronchitis].

A study was made of the efficacy of normobaric hypoxic stimulation (NHOS) and inspiratory resistive training (IRT) in multimodality treatment and rehabilitation of patients suffering from chronic obstructive bronchitis. The results were estimated by means of exercise tests and by stimulation electromyography of the diaphragm (SEMGD). The use of NHOS and IRT in multimodality treatment of the given group patients was found to give rise to a more complete physical rehabilitation of the patients, whereas the application of SEMGD is an effective approach to the control of sessions and courses of NHOS and IRT.

[Functional state of the diaphragm during several non-drug methods of the treatment of chronic pulmonary insufficiency].

The study compared the effect of conventional therapy of aggravated chronic obstructive bronchitis (COB), inpatient oxygen treatment of large duration (OT), normobaric hypoxic stimulation (NBHS), inspiratory resistance on the diaphragmatic muscle function in COB patients with chronic pulmonary insufficiency. The function was assessed at stimulation electromyography of the diaphragm. The latter reflected enhanced bioelectric activity of the diaphragm in response to OT and inspiratory resistive training as shown by increased time parameters.

[The functional characteristics of an additional dead space and a respirator for preparing hypoxic-hypercapnic mixtures intended for respiration training].

A study was made of the characteristics of respiration recorded during the use of a respirator for preparing hypoxic hypercapnic mixtures as compared to the use of an additional "dead" space. In both cases, there was a significant increase of total ventilation, largely at the expense of respiration deepening. However, during respiration via a respiratory mask, the increase of the minute respiratory volume was accompanied by a rise of alveolar ventilation whereas during respiration via the ADS, alveolar ventilation dropped.