Angle bisector method to determine the accurate angle for tibiofibular syndesmotic fixation: A validation study with 3D-printed anatomical models.

Purpose: This study aimed to validate the angle bisector method on 3D-printed ankle models to reveal whether it aids in placing syndesmotic screws at an accurate trajectory that is patient- and level-specific and also not surgeon-dependent.

Methods: DICOM data of 16 ankles were used to create 3D anatomical models. Then the models were printed in their original size and two trauma surgeons performed the syndesmotic fixations with the angle bisector method at 2 cm and 3.