The presentation and organization of adaptive cytoprotection in the rat stomach, duodenum, and colon. Dedicated to André Robert the founder of the concept of cytoprotection and adaptive cytoprotection.

Background: Adaptive cytoprotection could be demonstrated in lesion attenuation within the whole gastrointestinal tract, in particular sequences, with onset and duration longer than the initial short-lasting period (i.e. one hour) defined by Robert in the stomach only.