Expression levels of miR-22, miR-30c, miR-145, and miR-519d and their possible associations with inflammatory markers among patients with coronary artery disease.

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of death around the world. Micro-ribonucleic acid (miRNA) can be involved in forming of atherosclerotic plaques, inflammation, cholesterol metabolism, and other mechanisms involved in CAD development. This study aimed to evaluate the expression level of miR-22, miR-30c, miR-145, and miR-519d and their possible association with inflammatory markers among patients with CAD.

Molecular Investigation of Human Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus in Glioblastoma Brain Tumor: A Case-Control Study in Iran.

Background: Glioblastoma multiforme is the most invasive and lethal form of brain cancer with unclear etiology. Our study aimed to investigate the molecular prevalence of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections in patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM).

Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 42 FFPE brain tumor samples from GBM patients and 42 brain autopsies from subjects without neurological disorders.

Occult Hepatitis C Virus Infection among Hemodialysis Patients: An Iranian Experience.

Background: Patients with chronic kidney failure and those undergoing chronic hemodialysis (CHD) treatment are at high risk of infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV). The incidence of occult HCV infection (OCI) in CHD remains controversial and the real burden of HCV in this population may be affected by the rate of OCI. This study evaluates the molecular assessment of OCI in CHD in an Iranian population.

MicroRNAs Profiling in HIV, HCV, and HIV/HCV Co-Infected Patients.

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are important public health issues.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the association between microRNAs expression leveland immunological and viral markers in HIV, HCV, and HIV/HCV co-infected patients.

Methods: The expression level of miR-29, miR-149, miR-199, miR-let7, miR-223, miR-155, miR-122, and miR-150 was evaluated in 20 HIV, 20 HCV, 20 co-infected patients, and 20 healthy controls using real-time PCR assay.

Molecular Epidemiology of Anellovirus Infection in Children's Urine: A Cross-sectional Study.

Background: Anelloviridae is a viral family which is considered as a constant component of human virome. Given the ubiquitous nature of the virus infection and the long-standing relationship between the virus and the host, in the present study, we aimed at investigating the presence of Anelloviruses in the urine samples of children in a cross-sectional study.

Materials And Methods: The urine samples of 50 children who were referred to Hazrat Ali Asghar Children's Hospital, affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, were obtained.

Investigation of gene mutations and expression in hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis in association with hepatitis B virus infection.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV), along with Hepatitis C virus chronic infection, represents a major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. However, molecular mechanisms involved in the development of HCC are not yet completely understood. Recent studies have indicated that mutations in gene encoding for β-catenin protein lead to aberrant activation of the Wnt/ β-catenin pathway.

Assessment of Key Elements in the Innate Immunity System Among Patients with HIV, HCV, and Coinfections of HIV/HCV.

Background: Coinfection of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has a higher risk of mortality than HCV or HIV monoinfection. HCV and HIV infections are specified by systemic inflammation, but the inflammation process in HCV/HIV coinfection is much complicated and is not well characterized.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of TLR-3, TLR-7, IL-10, IFN-1 (IFN-α, IFN-β), and TNF-α in HIV, HCV and HIV/HCV co-infected patients.

Molecular evidence of human papillomaviruses in the retinoblastoma tumor.

Retinoblastoma tumor (RB) is one of the most prevalent ocular cancers among children. RB may be caused by inherited mutations in gene as well as some environmental risk factors. Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are suspected as a risk factor of RB due to their pRb inactivating protein.

Inhibition of H1N1 influenza virus infection by zinc oxide nanoparticles: another emerging application of nanomedicine.

Background: Currently available anti-influenza drugs are often associated with limitations such as toxicity and the appearance of drug-resistant strains. Therefore, there is a pressing need for the development of novel, safe and more efficient antiviral agents. In this study, we evaluated the antiviral activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and PEGylated zinc oxide nanoparticles against H1N1 influenza virus.

Molecular and serological characterization of occult hepatitis B virus infection among patients with hemophilia.

Background: The occult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI) is a health concern among high-risk groups and immunosuppressed individuals. There is still a paucity of data regarding the occult hepatitis B virus infection among hemophilic patients. With this in mind, we aimed to evaluate the molecular prevalence of OBI among clients with hemophilia.

Molecular prevalence of parvovirus B19 among HIV1-infected patients in Iran.

Different outcomes of parvovirus B19 (B19V) infection in immunocompromised patients, including HIV1-infected persons, may be life-threatening. Considering the hematologic disorders associated with B19V infection, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of B19V infection among HIV1-infected individuals in Iran. Serum samples from 100 HIV1-infected patients were analyzed for B19 viral DNA using real-time PCR assay.

Polyethylene glycol-coated zinc oxide nanoparticle: an efficient nanoweapon to fight against herpes simplex virus type 1.

Aim: We aimed to determine the possible inhibitory effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated ZnO-NPs (ZnO-PEG-NPs) on herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1).

Materials & Methods: PEGylated ZnO-NPs were synthesized by the mechanical method. Antiviral activity was assessed by 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID) and real-time PCR assays.

Epidemiology, risk factors, and molecular characterization of occult hepatitis B infection among anti-hepatitis B core antigen alone subjects.

Objectives: Features of occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among the anti-hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) positives have yet to be described in more details. This study aimed to determine the molecular prevalence of occult HBV infection (OBI), and association to risk factors among seropositives for anti-HBc.

Methods: This was part of a community-based screening project that included 5234 cases.

Molecular prevalence of human papillomavirus infection among Iranian women with breast cancer.

Background: The etiology and molecular mechanisms involved in the development of breast cancer still remain poorly understood. Some epidemiological studies have shown an association between human papillomavirus (HPV) and breast cancer. However, the findings are controversial.

Human Papillomavirus Type 16 Integration Analysis by Real-time PCR Assay in Associated Cancers.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common viral infection worldwide associated with a variety of cancers. The integration of the HPV genome in these patients causes chromosomal instability and triggers carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the HPV-16 genome physical status in four major cancers related to HPV infection.

Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in Pap Smear Samples from South Khorasan Province of Iran.

Background: Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI), leads to pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility and chronic pelvic pain in women as well as an increased risk of vertical transmission, conjunctivitis and pneumonitis in infants. It may also be a co-factor along with human papillomavirus (HPV) in cervical cancer progression. We aimed to determine the prevalence of CT genotypes in genital specimens of women from South Khorasan, Iran and to test the association between CT and cytology statistics.

Human parvovirus B19 and parvovirus 4 among Iranian patients with hemophilia.

Background: Human parvovirus B19 (B19V) is one of the smallest DNA viruses and shows great resistance to most disinfectants. Therefore, it is one of the common contaminant pathogens present in blood and plasma products. Parvovirus 4 (PARV4) is a newly identified parvovirus, which is also prevalent in parenteral transmission.

Genotyping and Mutation Pattern in the Overlapping MHR Region of HBV Isolates in Southern Khorasan, Eastern Iran.

Background: Hepatitis B virus, with 8 known distinct genotypes, is one of the most serious health problems which results to liver injuries. The surface gene of Hepatitis B virus completely overlaps with the polymerase gene. Mutations in the RT gene result in changes in the overlapping hepatitis B surface antigen.