Evaluation of disinfectants against Salmonella enteritidis.

Five classes of disinfectants (phenol, quaternary ammonium, chlorine, glutaraldehyde, and a combination of quaternary ammonium and formaldehyde) were diluted in "field" water (well, stream, or pond water) and compared with dilutions of the disinfectants in laboratory-grade water for their efficacy against the AOAC (Association of Official Agricultural Chemists) test organism Salmonella cholerasuis (ATCC 10708), S. enteritidis isolated from the spleen of an infected laying hen, and an egg-invasive S. enteritidis isolate.

Nasal and nasopharyngeal angiocentric T-cell lymphomas.

Thirty patients (24 mean and 6 women) with a median age of 44.5 years who had angiocentric T-cell lymphoma were studied. The neoplastic cells in each had a T-cell phenotype.

Comparison of environmental monitoring protocols for the detection of Salmonella in poultry houses.

Environmental monitoring has been used as a screening method to detect Salmonella enteritidis infection in laying hens. Several transport protocols (buffered peptone water, skim milk, asparagine, double distilled water, and no media), to be used for the detection of Salmonella in environmental samples from poultry houses, were compared for their ability to preserve the integrity of specimens. The isolation rates of Salmonella using the various transport protocols, including double-strength skim milk and no media (dry), were similar.

Epidemiological typing of Moraxella catarrhalis by pulsed field gel electrophoresis.

Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge) was used to compare 59 strains of Moraxella catarrhalis to evaluate pfge for the epidemiological typing of this organism. pfge-generated patterns were compared with those obtained by small fragment restriction enzyme analysis (rea) and species-specific probe hybridization. The strains used in the study were isolated from various geographic locations and included proven epidemiologically related strains.

A Clostridium acetobutylicum regulator gene (regA) affecting amylase production in Bacillus subtilis.

Plasmid pMET7C containing a 6.05 kb DNA insert from Clostridium acetobutylicum P262 made Escherichia coli F19 cells sensitive to metronidazole. The nucleotide sequence of the C.

Biliary complications after paediatric liver transplantation: Birmingham's experience.

Between 1983 and 1992, 112 children underwent liver transplantation. Of 138 grafts, 60 (43.4%) were whole livers, 77 (55.

The efficacy of a nursing challenge to patients: testing a new intervention to decrease self-harm behaviour in severe personality disorder.

This paper describes the study of a new intervention, which was intended to increase therapeutic engagement with patients and to decrease self-harm behaviour. As a result of nursing observations in a unit that specialized in severe personality disorders, a psychodynamic perspective to treatment was introduced in the form of a nursing challenge. The intervention was evaluated in a new service for young adults at a psychiatric hospital in the south of England, as part of a clinical research apprenticeship.

Epstein-Barr virus in inflammatory diseases of the liver and liver allografts: an in situ hybridization study.

The Epstein-Barr virus is associated with a broad spectrum of lymphoproliferative diseases in liver allograft recipients. To investigate the effects of primary infection in children following liver transplantation and the possible role of Epstein-Barr virus in the pathogenesis of unexplained chronic hepatitis after transplantation, we used an in situ hybridization technique to detect small virus encoded nuclear RNAs in posttransplant specimens. For comparison, other posttransplant complications and diseases occurring in the nontransplanted liver were studied with the same method.

Retracted confessions: through opiate withdrawal to a new conceptual framework.

We note growing concern by defence councils over the reliability of confessions obtained from suspects withdrawing from opiate dependence. We focus on a case report and highlight the conceptual weaknesses of current thinking about confessions. A philosophical model is adapted to clarify the theoretical aspects and thereby provide a conceptual framework to help the doctor confronted with the practical issue of how to assess a suspect's fitness for interrogation or the reliability of an individual's confession.

Duck viral enteritis in domestic muscovy ducks in Pennsylvania.

Duck viral enteritis (DVE) outbreaks occurred at two different locations in Pennsylvania in 1991 and 1992. In the first outbreak, four ducks died out of a group of 30 domestic ducks; in the second outbreak, 65 ducks died out of a group of 114 domestic ducks, and 15 domestic geese died as well. A variety of species of ducks were present on both premises, but only muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata) died from the disease.

The origin and distribution of neurons with projections passing through the inferior mesenteric ganglion of the guinea-pig.

Retrograde tracing with the fluorescent dye, Fast Blue, was used to examine the origin and distribution of neurons whose axons project through the inferior mesenteric ganglion (IMG) of the guinea-pig. These studies were performed by applying the tracer to (a) the rostral cut-end of the hypogastric nerves and (b) the caudal cut-end of the inter-mesenteric nerve (IMN). After application of tracer to the hypogastric nerves retrogradely labelled cell profiles were observed in the IMG and the superior mesenteric ganglion (SMG).

Serial soluble interleukin 2 receptor levels in rheumatoid arthritis: differences in response to glucocorticoid treatment and chrysotherapy.

Objective: To analyze the changes in soluble interleukin 2 receptor (sIL-2R) levels following treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods: Serial measurements of sIL-2R levels were made over 24 weeks in 40 patients with RA, treated with intramuscular (im) gold plus 3 im injections of either 120 mg methylprednisolone acetate or placebo.

Results: sIL-2R levels were reduced in the glucocorticoid treated group in contrast to the gold only group, where levels initially increased.

Relationships between DNA damage and the survival of radiosensitive mutant Chinese hamster cell lines exposed to gamma-radiation: Part 2. Effect of cellular redox status.

To characterize further the nature of the defects underlying the differential radiosensitivities of the Chinese hamster ovary cell lines NM2, EM9, and UV41, we compared the abilities of anoxia and of the thiol WR-1065 to protect these mutants and their parent cell line, AA8, from the lethal effects of gamma-radiation. Wide differences in oxygen enhancement ratios (OERs) for cell killing were observed in the different cell lines, those for UV41 and NM2 cells (1.8 and 2.

Excess sodium bicarbonate in the diet and its effect on Leghorn chickens.

1. A commercial 62-week-old layer flock experienced an acute drop in egg production and an increase in shell-less egg production within 2 days of consuming feed erroneously formulated to contain over 30 g/kg instead of 3 g/kg sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). Other symptoms included increased water consumption, diarrhoea and increased mortality associated with visceral gout.

Differences among restriction endonuclease DNA fingerprints of Pennsylvania field isolates, vaccine strains, and challenge strains of infectious laryngotracheitis virus.

Restriction endonuclease fingerprints of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) DNA from 13 Pennsylvania field isolates, embryo-propagated and tissue-culture-propagated vaccine strains, and three reference strains were compared. These comparisons were made to evaluate the possible contribution of mutation of ILTV vaccine strains to recent outbreaks of infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) in Pennsylvania. Six different restriction enzymes were used to generate the fingerprints.

A comparison of the structural polypeptides of three iridescent viruses (types 6, 9, and 16) and the mapping of the DNA region coding for their major capsid polypeptides.

The iridoviruses from Wiseana cervinata (WIV, type 9), Costelytra zealandica (CzIV, type 16) and Chilo suppressalis (CIV, type 6) were compared by SDS-PAGE and Western protein blotting for antigenic determinants. The major capsid proteins were isolated and oligonucleotide probes were synthesized from the partial amino acid sequences. The DNA regions coding for the major capsid proteins of WIV (VP52), CzIV (VP53) and CIV (VP50) were located by hybridization of the oligonucleotide probes to blots of the viral DNA.