DO HEALTHY COQUEREL'S SIFAKAS IN CAPTIVITY HAVE UNUSUALLY LOW CIRCULATING CORTISOL?

Cortisol, and other glucocorticoids, are routinely used as markers of physiological stress in wildlife. Typically, stress activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) signaling the adrenal glands to release cortisol. Nevertheless, recent anecdotes in captive Coquerel's sifakas (), strepsirrhine primates that are difficult to maintain under human care, may challenge the assumption that physiological stress universally increases circulating cortisol.

Cost does not prevent pigeons from investing in the future.

One of the simplest forms of behavior, operant behavior, appears fundamentally prospective, implying potential similarity to 'sophisticated' prospective behaviors like planning in terms of underlying mechanisms. But differences between paradigms for studying behavior resulting from 'simple' versus 'sophisticated' mechanisms prevent true comparison of underlying mechanisms. To aid development of an operant paradigm with more similarity to 'sophisticated' prospective paradigms, we replicated and extended Cowie and Davison's (2021) investing task.

Direct Superficial Temporal Artery-Proximal Middle Bypass in Moyamoya Disease: Predicting Postoperative Symptomatic Contralateral Stroke Using Clinical Characteristics and Angiographic Collateralization Patterns.

Background: Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare cerebrovascular disorder marked by internal carotid artery narrowing, collateral neovascularization, and symptomatic cerebral ischemia. Select patients can benefit from direct bypass (superficial temporal artery [STA]-proximal middle [MCA] bypass) by restoring blood flow to hypoperfused territories. Symptomatic contralateral stroke (CS) following STA-MCA bypass is a devastating, poorly understood complication.

Computational modeling of basal ganglia hemorrhage morphology improves functional outcome prognostication after minimally invasive surgical evacuation.

Introduction: Anatomic factors that predict outcomes following basal ganglia intracranial hemorrhage (bgICH) evacuation are poorly understood. Given the compact neuroanatomic organization of the basal ganglia, we hypothesized that bgICH spatial representation could predict postoperative functional outcomes.

Methods: Patients undergoing minimally invasive surgical bgICH evacuation between 2013 and 2024 at one center were retrospectively reviewed.

Posterior and Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Recent Advances in Technique and Technology.

Posterior approach interbody fusion techniques such as posterior lumbar interbody fusion and transforaminal interbody fusion are known as the workhorse procedures for lumbar spinal fusion. Over the years, advancements in procedural steps, technique, and technology have sought to improve patient outcomes. Within the last 2 decades, considerable emphasis has been placed upon minimally invasive techniques utilizing tubular retractors and conscious sedation.

Neurological Outcomes Following Craniotomy for Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation-Associated Intracranial Hemorrhage: Case Series and Literature Review.

Background: Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a potential complication associated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), which has been increasingly utilized in recent years. A paucity of data exists describing patient outcomes following invasive neurosurgical interventions in patients receiving ECMO therapy. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical and functional outcomes in patients who underwent cranial neurosurgery for the management of an ECMO-associated intracranial complication.

The incidence of infratentorial arteriovenous malformation-associated aneurysms: an institutional case series and systematic literature review.

Background: Arteriovenous malformation (AVM)-associated aneurysms represent a high-risk feature predisposing them to rupture. Infratentorial AVMs have been shown to have a greater incidence of associated aneurysms, however the existing data is outdated and biased. The aim of our research was to compare the incidence of supratentorial vs infratentorial AVM-associated aneurysms.

Risk assessment of early therapeutic anticoagulation following cranial surgery: an institutional case series.

Objective: Postoperative thrombotic complications represent a unique challenge in cranial neurosurgery as primary treatment involves therapeutic anticoagulation. The decision to initiate therapy and its timing is nuanced, as surgeons must balance the risk of catastrophic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). With limited existing evidence to guide management, current practice patterns are subjective and inconsistent.

The Use of Cranial Aneurysm Clips for Repair of Incidental Lumbar Durotomy: Operative Technique and Case Series.

Background: Incidental durotomy is a common complication of posterior lumbar spine surgery; however, effective and durable methods for primary repair remain elusive. Multiple existing techniques have previously been reported and extensively described, including sutured repair and the use of nonpenetrating titanium clips. The use of cranial aneurysm clips for primary repair of lumbar durotomy serves as a safe and effective alternative to obtain watertight closure of a dural tear.

The generalization-across-dimensions model applied to conditional temporal discrimination.

Can simple choice conditional-discrimination choice be accounted for by recent quantitative models of combined stimulus and reinforcer control? In Experiment 1, two sets of five blackout durations, one using shorter intervals and one using longer intervals, conditionally signaled which subsequent choice response might provide food. In seven conditions, the distribution of blackout durations across the sets was varied. An updated version of the generalization-across-dimensions model nicely described the way that choice changed across durations.

Evaluation of a pathway to address take own leave events for First Nations peoples presenting for emergency care: The Deadly RED project.

Objective: The 'Deadly RED' project primarily aimed to improve culturally competent care to reduce the number of First Nations patients presenting to a Queensland ED who 'Take own leave' (TOL). The secondary aim was to evaluate the implementation project.

Methods: A pre/post-test quasi experimental study design using mixed methods was co-designed with adherence to Indigenous research considerations.

Clinical presentation and extent of resection impacts progression-free survival in spinal ependymomas.

Purpose: Primary treatment of spinal ependymomas involves surgical resection, however recurrence ranges between 50 and 70%. While the association of survival outcomes with lesion extent of resection (EOR) has been studied, existing analyses are limited by small samples and archaic data resulting in an inhomogeneous population. We investigated the relationship between EOR and survival outcomes, chiefly overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), in a large contemporary cohort of spinal ependymoma patients.

Cone-Beam Computed Tomography to evaluate changes in trabecular lower jawbone microstructure caused by bone loss and antiresorptive treatment.

Unlabelled: For decades, conventional histomorphometry has been the gold standard for analyzing trabecular bone microarchitecture. In recent years, micro-computed tomography (μCT) devices have been validated and are now considered the gold standard for quantifying bone microstructure.

Aim: The aim of this preliminary report is to evaluate the usefulness of CBCT to assess trabecular mandible microstructural properties in normal ewes and to compare the quantitative changes associated with ovariectomy and antiresorptive treatment.

A Multidimensional Model to Facilitate Within Person Comparison of Attributes.

In psychological research and practice, a person's scores on two different traits or abilities are often compared. Such within-person comparisons require that measurements have equal units (EU) and/or equal origins: an assumption rarely validated. We describe a multidimensional SEM/IRT model from the literature and, using principles of conjoint measurement, show that its expected response variables satisfy the axioms of additive conjoint measurement for measurement on a common scale.

Repeat Flow Diversion for Retreatment of Incompletely Occluded Large Complex Symptomatic Cerebral Aneurysms: A Retrospective Case Series.

Background And Objectives: Data regarding radiographic occlusion rates after repeat flow diversion after initial placement of a flow diverter (FD) in large intracranial aneurysms are limited. We report clinical and angiographic outcomes on 7 patients who required retreatment with overlapping FDs after initial flow diversion for large intracranial aneurysms.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database of cerebrovascular procedures performed at our institution from 2017 to 2021.

The obesity paradox and ventriculoperitoneal shunting in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients undergoing microsurgical clipping.

Background: Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) can be devastating. Identifying predisposing factors is paramount in reducing aSAH-related mortality. Obesity's negative impact on health is well-established.

Yarning to reduce take own leave events in First Nations patients presenting to the Emergency Department-presenting the qualitative themes and co-design of the Deadly RED project.

Issue Addressed: The Deadly RED redesign and implementation research aimed to improve take own leave (TOL) rates within a Queensland emergency department by providing a culturally competent care pathway.

Methodology: A mixed methods pre/post evaluation of the feasibility, acceptability and usability of the Deadly RED pathway for First Nations patients presenting to ED was performed. This pathway combined early welcome and information sharing, introduction of screening and follow up for patients who TOL and enhanced access to alternative community healthcare.

Associations between anxiety, depression, and weight status during and after pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Previous work has found adverse mental health symptomology in women living with obesity, compared with those of healthy weight, around the time of pregnancy. This meta-analysis aimed to explore the association between anxiety, depression, and weight status in women living with obesity before, during, and after pregnancy. Bibliographic databases were systematically searched, and 14 studies were included, which aimed to assess the association between excess weight and anxiety or depression outcomes in women before, during, or after pregnancy.

Seasonal variation in glucose and insulin is modulated by food and temperature conditions in a hibernating primate.

Feast-fast cycles allow animals to live in seasonal environments by promoting fat storage when food is plentiful and lipolysis when food is scarce. Fat-storing hibernators have mastered this cycle over a circannual schedule, by undergoing extreme fattening to stockpile fuel for the ensuing hibernation season. Insulin is intrinsic to carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and is central to regulating feast-fast cycles in mammalian hibernators.

Flow diversion for the treatment of intracranial bifurcation aneurysms: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Flow diversion (FD: flow diversion, flow diverter) is an endovascular treatment for many intracranial aneurysm types; however, limited reports have explored the use of FDs in bifurcation aneurysm management. We analyzed the safety and efficacy of FD for the management of intracranial bifurcation aneurysms.

Methods: A systematic review identified original research articles that used FD for treating intracranial bifurcation aneurysms.

Ultrasonography or Radiography for Suspected Pediatric Distal Forearm Fractures.

Background: Data on whether ultrasonography for the initial diagnostic imaging of forearm fractures in children and adolescents is noninferior to radiography for subsequent physical function of the arm are limited.

Methods: In this open-label, multicenter, noninferiority, randomized trial in Australia, we recruited participants 5 to 15 years of age who presented to the emergency department with an isolated distal forearm injury, without a clinically visible deformity, in whom further evaluation with imaging was indicated. Participants were randomly assigned to initially undergo point-of-care ultrasonography or radiography, and were then followed for 8 weeks.

Shaping Nanobodies and Intrabodies against Proteoforms.

Proteoforms expand genomic diversity and direct developmental processes. While high-resolution mass spectrometry has accelerated characterization of proteoforms, molecular techniques working to bind and disrupt the function of specific proteoforms have lagged behind. In this study, we worked to develop intrabodies capable of binding specific proteoforms.