Proline variants in the BRCA1 coiled-coil domain disrupt folding and binding to PALB2.

Inherited mutations in the genes coding for the tumor suppressor proteins BRCA1 and PALB2 can lead to increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer. Upon DNA damage, these two proteins form a complex to promote double-stranded break repair via homologous recombination. Missense mutations in either BRCA1 or PALB2 that disrupt this important interaction result in loss of effective DNA damage repair and are associated with breast tumorigenesis.

Comparing ACDF Outcomes by Cervical Spine Level: A Single Center Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Previous research suggests a relationship between complications associated with anterior cervical discectomy and fusion and level involvement; however, there is limited research comparing postoperative outcomes of upper cervical fusions (UCFs) with middle-to-lower cervical fusions (MLCFs). This study aims to compare the outcomes of UCF with MLCF.

Methods: A retrospective medical record review was conducted on 835 anterior cervical discectomy and fusion patients from 2012 to 2022.

Selective expansion of motor cortical projections in the evolution of vocal novelty.

Deciphering how cortical architecture evolves to drive behavioral innovations is a long-standing challenge in neuroscience and evolutionary biology. Here, we leverage a striking behavioral novelty in the Alston's singing mouse (), compared to the laboratory mouse (), to quantitatively test models of motor cortical evolution. We used bulk tracing, serial two-photon tomography, and high-throughput DNA sequencing of over 76,000 barcoded neurons to discover a specific and substantial expansion (200%) of orofacial motor cortical (OMC) projections to the auditory cortical region (AudR) and the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG), both implicated in vocal behaviors.

Back pain in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: frequency and risk factors.

Purpose: Although back pain is commonly reported in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), factors that influence the presence and severity of back pain in AIS, including curve-specific variables, have not been well studied. This study aims to describe the prevalence and severity of back pain in AIS patients and determine the extent to which patient characteristics, including curve-specific factors, are associated with a higher risk of back pain in AIS.

Methods: The study was a retrospective medical records review of adolescents (aged 10-17 years) diagnosed with AIS between 01/01/2018 and 12/31/2021 at an academic tertiary children's hospital.

A Unique Case of Adult-Onset Still's Disease Not Responsive to Steroid Treatment.

A 53-year-old patient was admitted to the emergency department, presenting with fever, generalized weakness, and various myalgias and arthralgias lasting over seven days. Based upon the patient's worsening symptoms, elevated white blood cell count with neutrophilia and overall presentation, she was initially treated for an infectious cause and prescribed various antibiotics and antipyretic medications. As the patient's condition continued to worsen throughout the initial days of her intake, she was tested for a variety of infections, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Streptococcus, and influenza, and was administered a viral respiratory panel, all of which resulted negative.

Facial Fracture Injury Criteria from Night Vision Goggle Impact.

Military personnel extensively use night vision goggles (NVGs) in contemporary scenarios. Since NVGs may induce or increase injuries from falls or vehicular accidents, biomechanical risk assessments would aid design goal or mitigation strategy development. This study assesses injury risks from NVG impact on cadaver heads using impactors modeled on the PVS-14 NVG.

Fast updating feedback from piriform cortex to the olfactory bulb relays multimodal reward contingency signals during rule-reversal.

While animals readily adjust their behavior to adapt to relevant changes in the environment, the neural pathways enabling these changes remain largely unknown. Here, using multiphoton imaging, we investigated whether feedback from the piriform cortex to the olfactory bulb supports such behavioral flexibility. To this end, we engaged head-fixed mice in a multimodal rule-reversal task guided by olfactory and auditory cues.

Minoxidil weakens newly synthesized collagen in fibrotic synoviocytes from osteoarthritis patients.

Purpose: Synovial fibrosis (SFb) formation and turnover attributable to knee osteoarthritis (KOA) can impart painful stiffness and persist following arthroplasty. To supplement joint conditioning aimed at maximizing peri-operative function, we evaluated the antifibrotic effect of Minoxidil (MXD) on formation of pyridinoline (Pyd) cross-links catalyzed by Plod2-encoded lysyl hydroxylase (LH)2b that strengthen newly synthesized type-I collagen (COL1) in fibroblastic synovial cells (FSCs) from KOA patients. MXD was predicted to decrease Pyd without significant alterations to Col1a1 transcription by FSCs stimulated with transforming growth factor (TGF)β1.

High-throughput sequencing of single neuron projections reveals spatial organization in the olfactory cortex.

In most sensory modalities, neuronal connectivity reflects behaviorally relevant stimulus features, such as spatial location, orientation, and sound frequency. By contrast, the prevailing view in the olfactory cortex, based on the reconstruction of dozens of neurons, is that connectivity is random. Here, we used high-throughput sequencing-based neuroanatomical techniques to analyze the projections of 5,309 mouse olfactory bulb and 30,433 piriform cortex output neurons at single-cell resolution.

Developing a Trauma-Informed and Recovery-Oriented Alternative to 'Aggression Management' Training for a Metropolitan and Rural Mental Health Service.

For clinicians working in mental health services, 'aggression management' training is generally prioritised, and often mandated. Traditional 'aggression management' training has the potential to reinforce the perception that violence and aggression are inevitable, and thus defensive and coercive practices are needed. This paper outlines the principles and processes that underpinned the development of two training programs designed as recovery-oriented and trauma-informed alternatives to traditional 'aggression management' training.

Alcohol Use Disorder in the Age of Technology: A Review of Wearable Biosensors in Alcohol Use Disorder Treatment.

Biosensors enable observation and understanding of latent physiological occurrences otherwise unknown or invasively detected. Wearable biosensors monitoring physiological constructs across a wide variety of mental and physical health conditions have become an important trend in innovative research methodologies. Within substance use research, explorations of biosensor technology commonly focus on identifying physiological indicators of intoxication to increase understanding of addiction etiology and to inform treatment recommendations.

Computational and experimental characterization of the novel ECM glycoprotein SNED1 and prediction of its interactome.

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex meshwork of proteins and an essential component of multicellular life. We have recently reported the characterization of a novel ECM protein, SNED1, and showed that it promotes breast cancer metastasis and regulates craniofacial development. However, the mechanisms by which it does so remain unknown.

Pan-Cancer Analysis of the Genomic Alterations and Mutations of the Matrisome.

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a master regulator of all cellular functions and a major component of the tumor microenvironment. We previously defined the "matrisome" as the ensemble of genes encoding ECM proteins and proteins modulating ECM structure or function. While compositional and biomechanical changes in the ECM regulate cancer progression, no study has investigated the genomic alterations of matrisome genes in cancers and their consequences.

definition of the matrisome.

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an assembly of hundreds of proteins that structurally supports the cells it surrounds and biochemically regulates their functions. has emerged as a powerful model organism to study fundamental mechanisms underlying ECM protein secretion, ECM assembly, and ECM roles in pathophysiological processes. However, as of today, we do not possess a well-defined list of the components forming the ECM of this organism.

Mind the gaps: identifying opportunities in mental health assessment and mental health certificate completion in rural and remote NSW, Australia.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the quality of mental health certificate (MHC) completion in rural and remote New South Wales, to include the determination of those identified as mentally ill or mentally disordered, and subsequent processes thereafter.

Methods: MHCs were collected from April 2016 to March 2017. A de-identified review was undertaken and audited for completion of mandatory criteria.

Syntheses, Structures, and Infrared Spectra of the Hexa(cyanido) Complexes of Silicon, Germanium, and Tin.

The rare octahedral EC coordination skeleton type is unknown for complexes with coordination centers consisting of group 14 elements. Here, the first examples of such EC species, the hexacoordinate homoleptic cyanido complexes E(CN), E = Si, Ge, Sn, have been synthesized from element halides SiCl, GeCl and SnF and isolated as salts with PPN counterions (PPN = (PhP)N) on a scale of 0.2-1 g.

The characterization of the matrisome and proposal of a novel collagen classification.

Proteins are the building blocks of life. While proteins and their localization within cells and sub-cellular compartments are well defined, the proteins predicted to be secreted to form the extracellular matrix - or matrisome - remain elusive in the model organism . Here, we used a bioinformatic approach combining gene orthology and protein structure analysis and an extensive curation of the literature to define the matrisome.

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia to Reduce Chronic Migraine: A Sequential Bayesian Analysis.

Background: Insomnia is frequently comorbid with chronic migraine, and small trials suggest that cognitive-behavioral treatment of insomnia (CBTi) may reduce migraine frequency. This study endeavored to provide a quantitative synthesis of existing CBTi trials for adults with chronic migraine using Bayesian statistical methods, given their utility in combining prior knowledge with sequentially gathered data.

Methods: Completer analyses of 2 randomized trials comparing CBTi to a sham control intervention (Calhoun and Ford, 2007; Smitherman et al, 2016) were used to quantify the effects of a brief course of treatment on headache frequency.

Alcohol Use as a Comorbidity and Precipitant of Primary Headache: Review and Meta-analysis.

Purpose Of Review: In contrast to well-established relationships between headache and affective disorders, the role of alcohol use in primary headache disorders is less clear. This paper provides a narrative overview of research on alcohol use disorders (AUDs) in primary headache and presents a meta-analysis of the role of alcohol as a trigger (precipitant) of headache.

Recent Findings: The majority of studies on AUDs in headache have failed to find evidence that migraine or tension-type headache (TTH) is associated with increased risk for AUDs or problematic alcohol use.

Perceived triggers of primary headache disorders: A meta-analysis.

Objective To quantitatively synthesize extant literature on perceived triggers of primary headache disorders. Methods A meta-analytic review of headache trigger survey studies was conducted. Endorsement rates, assessment method, and headache and sample characteristics were extracted from included articles.

Health Evaluation and Referral Assistant: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Web-Based Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment System to Reduce Risky Alcohol Use Among Emergency Department Patients.

Background: Computer technologies hold promise for implementing alcohol screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT). Questions concerning the most effective and appropriate SBIRT model remain.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a computerized SBIRT system called the Health Evaluation and Referral Assistant (HERA) on risky alcohol use treatment initiation.

Synthesis of six-coordinate mono-, bis-, and tris(tetrazolato) complexes via [3 + 2] cycloadditions of nitriles to silicon-bound azido ligands.

A convenient synthetic route to poly(tetrazolato) silicon complexes is described based on the four reactive centres of the N-rich, highly endothermic tetraazides of the type Si(N)(L). Hypercoordinate azido(tetrazolato) silicon complexes Si(N)(NC-R)(L), R = CH, CH, 4-CHCH (4a, 5, 6, 7) and Si(N)(NC-L) (9, L = 2-CHN), L = 2,2'-bipyridine, 1,10-phenanthroline, with SiN skeletons were synthesised via multiple [3 + 2] dipolar cycloaddition reactions starting from Si(N)(L) and a nitrile. The isolated new complexes were characterised by standard analytical methods, single crystal X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry (4a,b).