The utility of multiple assessments in infancy and toddlerhood to predict middle childhood ADHD symptoms: Temperamental, behavioral, and genetic contributions.

Background: Early intervention is effective for reducing ADHD symptoms and related impairments, yet methods of identifying young children in need of services are lacking. Most early predictors of ADHD previously identified are of limited clinical utility. This study examines several theoretically relevant predictors of ADHD in infancy and toddlerhood and whether assessment at multiple time points improves prediction.

Treadmill belt accelerations may not accurately replicate kinematic responses to tripping on an obstacle in older people.

Background: Treadmill belt perturbations have high clinical feasibility for use in perturbation-based training in older people, but their kinematic validity is unclear. This study examined the kinematic validity of treadmill belt accelerations as a surrogate for overground walkway trips during gait in older people.

Methods: Thirty-eight community-dwelling older people were exposed to two unilateral belt accelerations (8 m s-2) whilst walking on a split-belt treadmill and two trips induced by a 14 cm trip-board whilst walking on a walkway with condition presentation randomised.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Use of Quaternary Ammonium Compound Disinfectants in Healthcare Facilities Within Selected States in the United States of America.

Introduction Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are the active ingredient in the majority of disinfectants approved for use against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although widely used, they have been linked to infertility and birth defects in animals, and have been shown to increase proinflammatory cytokines, decrease mitochondrial function, and disrupt sterol biosynthetic pathways in a dose-dependent manner in humans. This study examined if there was an increased use of QAC-based disinfectants among healthcare settings in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and aims to bring to light the negative health outcomes that this rise in QAC exposure may pose.

Modelling pacemaker oscillations in lymphatic muscle cells: lengthened action potentials by two distinct system effects.

Lymphatic system failures contribute to cardiovascular and various other diseases. A critical function of the lymphatic vascular system is the active pumping of fluid from the interstitium back into the blood circulation by periodic contractions of lymphatic muscle cells (LMCs) in the vessel walls. As in cardiac pacemaking, these periodic contractions can be interpreted as occurring due to linked pacemaker oscillations in the LMC membrane potential (M-clock) and calcium concentration (C-clock).

Treatment of Established Chemotherapy-Induced Neuropathy with N-Palmitoylethanolamide: A Randomized, Double-Blind Phase II Pilot Study.

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) from oxaliplatin and taxane drugs is a bothersome toxicity. Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) has been reported to improve myelinated nerve fiber function in patients experiencing painful CIPN. We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of PEA in patients with established CIPN.

Increasing patient viewership of complex imaging reports: The paradox of the Cures Act.

Background: As a result of the 21st Century Cures Act, radiology reports are immediately released to patients. We determine if readers of radiology reports, via electronic health records (EHRs), and radiology report complexity have changed post the implementation of the 21st Century Cures Act.

Methods: A retrospective observational study was used to analyze 10,000 radiology reports (equal split of CT, mammogram, MRI, X-ray, and ultrasound modalities) per year between 2013 and 2023.

Examining the Association Between Public Health Accreditation and COVID-19 Outcomes.

Objective: To examine the association between local health department (LHD) accreditation and COVID-19 community outcomes, including rates of adult vaccination, hospitalization, and death.

Design: We examined county level rates of adult vaccination, hospitalization, and death by LHD accreditation status over the course of the COVID pandemic. Additional independent variables included time period, COVID-19 Community Vulnerability Index (CCVI), state public health governance structure, and state policy environment.

Disconnects between provider network directories and patient preferences.

Objectives: The question of what providers one has access to under their insurance coverage is crucial for patients in managed care. This study sought to examine information displayed in online provider directories and whether this information matched consumer preferences.

Study Design: A national survey (N = 4007) paired with an analysis of online provider network directories.

Persistent organic pollutants and endogenous sex-related hormones in Hispanic/Latino adults: The Hispanic Community health study/study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated associations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) with sex-related hormones; however, findings were inconsistent. Sex-specific impacts and pathways through which adiposity influences associations are not completely understood. We sought to evaluate sex-specific associations of POPs serum concentration with sex-related hormones and to explore pathways through which adiposity may modify associations.

Enrolment patterns in a randomized controlled trial of probiotics in critically ill patients: a retrospective analysis of the PROSPECT trial.

Background: Understanding site-related factors that influence enrolment within multicenter randomized controlled trials (RCT) may help reduce trial delays and cost over-runs and prevent early trial discontinuation. In this analysis of PROSPECT (Probiotics: Prevention of Severe Pneumonia and Endotracheal Colonization Trial), we describe patient enrolment patterns and examine factors influencing site-based monthly enrolment.

Design: Retrospective analysis of a multicenter RCT.

Is trauma associated with plant-based diet choice?

Examinations of links between plant-based diets (e.g., vegetarian and vegan diets) and indices of physical and mental health have received increased attention in the scientific literature in recent years.

Successful Multimodal Treatment of Uterine Rhabdomyosarcoma.

Uterine rhabdomyosarcoma is exceedingly rare. The treatment strategy has evolved from aggressive local control with upfront surgery followed by radiation to a more conservative approach with chemotherapy followed by additional treatment pending response, which is outlined in a recent consensus statement from the International Soft-Tissue Sarcoma Consortium. We present a case of a 2-year-old with intermediate risk uterine rhabdomyosarcoma.

Artificial intelligence in emergency and trauma radiology: ASER AI/ML expert panel Delphi consensus statement on research guidelines, practices, and priorities.

Background: Emergency/trauma radiology artificial intelligence (AI) is maturing along all stages of technology readiness, with research and development (R&D) ranging from data curation and algorithm development to post-market monitoring and retraining.

Purpose: To develop an expert consensus document on best research practices and methodological priorities for emergency/trauma radiology AI.

Methods: A Delphi consensus exercise was conducted by the ASER AI/ML expert panel between 2022-2024.

The human auditory cortex concurrently tracks syllabic and phonemic timescales via acoustic spectral flux.

Dynamical theories of speech processing propose that the auditory cortex parses acoustic information in parallel at the syllabic and phonemic timescales. We developed a paradigm to independently manipulate both linguistic timescales, and acquired intracranial recordings from 11 patients who are epileptic listening to French sentences. Our results indicate that (i) syllabic and phonemic timescales are both reflected in the acoustic spectral flux; (ii) during comprehension, the auditory cortex tracks the syllabic timescale in the theta range, while neural activity in the alpha-beta range phase locks to the phonemic timescale; (iii) these neural dynamics occur simultaneously and share a joint spatial location; (iv) the spectral flux embeds two timescales-in the theta and low-beta ranges-across 17 natural languages.

Self-Management Support Apps for Spinal Cord Injury: Results of a Systematic Search in App Stores and Mobile App Rating Scale Evaluation.

Background: The use of mobile technology to meet health needs, widely referred to as mobile health (mHealth), has played a critical role in providing self-management support for chronic health conditions. However, despite its potential benefits, mHealth technologies such as self-management support apps for spinal cord injury (SCI) have received little research attention, and an understanding of their public availability is lacking. Therefore, an overview of these apps is needed to complement findings from the literature for a complete understanding of mHealth self-management support tools for SCI to support the selection and improvement of existing apps and the development of new ones.

A Narrative-Gamified Mental Health App (Kuamsha) for Adolescents in Uganda: Mixed Methods Feasibility and Acceptability Study.

Background: Many adolescents in Uganda are affected by common mental disorders, but only a few affordable treatment options are available. Digital mental health interventions offer promising opportunities to reduce these large treatment gaps, but interventions specifically tailored for Ugandan adolescents are limited.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the feasibility and acceptability of the Kuamsha program, an intervention delivered through a gamified app with low-intensity telephonic guidance, as a way to promote mental health among adolescents from the general population in Uganda.

Coupling antigens from multiple subtypes of influenza can broaden antibody and T cell responses.

The seasonal influenza vaccine contains strains of viruses from distinct subtypes that are grown independently and then combined. However, most individuals exhibit a more robust response to one of these strains and thus are vulnerable to infection by others. By studying a monozygotic twin cohort, we found that although prior exposure is a factor, host genetics are a stronger driver of subtype bias to influenza viral strains.

Winning hearts & minds: prostate cancer outreach and clinical trial enrollment in minority men.

Minorities participate less than White people in a variety of research settings limiting the generalizability of the research results. The driving forces behind the lower participation rates are multifactorial and vary by race. Further compounding these driving forces are past inequities and violations of trust by the healthcare system.

Heritability and Correlation Estimates for Serum Insulin-like Growth Factor I Concentration, Weight, Weight Gain, and Height in Angus Beef Cattle in a Long-Term Divergent Selection Study for Serum Insulin-like Growth Factor I (1989 to 2017).

This study investigated the genetic parameters for serum IGF-I concentrations and growth traits in beef cattle. A divergent selection experiment for serum IGF-I concentration was initiated in 1989. One hundred spring-calving (50 high line and 50 low line) and 100 fall-calving (50 high line and 50 low line) black Angus cows with unknown IGF-I concentrations were randomly assigned to the two divergent selection lines.

Release of complex imaging reports to patients, do radiologists trust AI to help?

Background: As a result of the 21st Century Cures Act, radiology reports are immediately released to patients. However, these reports are often too complex for the lay patient, potentially leading to stress and anxiety. While solutions such as patient portals or providing radiologist contact information have been proposed in the past, new generative artificial intelligence technologies like ChatGPT and Google Gemini may provide the most accessible and scalable method of simplifying radiology reports for patients.

Advisory on delayed fading caused by the use of a xylene substitute for frozen tissue specimen staining in micrographic surgery.

Background: The use of xylene substitutes is becoming more common in the setting of micrographic surgery frozen tissue section staining, and dermatologic surgeons need to be aware of possible undesirable delayed effects of using these agents and the possibility of modifying H&E staining protocols to prevent delayed fading. This report demonstrates an undesirable outcome of using an isoparaffinic aliphatic hydrocarbon as a xylene substitute, implementation of a quality improvement intervention to eliminate frozen section slide fading in the setting of micrographic surgery tissue processing, and recommendations for the modification of protocol when using a xylene substitute.

Clinical And Laboratory Information: Frozen section slides processed with xylene and xylene substitute were analyzed by histotechnicians, a dermatopathologist, and a micrographic surgery surgeon at 1-week and 1-month intervals.

Confronting risks of mirror life.

Broad discussion is needed to chart a path forward.

Racial disparities in length of hospitalization and systemic medication utilization in patients with psoriasis.

The growing evidence of chronic inflammation and sequelae caused by psoriasis indicates the need for systemic treatment, including biologics and conventional treatments like methotrexate. However, unconscious racial bias may lead to discrepancies in systemic medication prescription. Racial identity is also suspected to affect comorbidity and hospitalization rates in patients with psoriasis.