Misunderstanding and Sensemaking Among Juvenile Probation Officers Working with Evidence-Based Practices.

Evidence-based practices and programs (EBPs) have been adopted in juvenile probation agencies nationwide to maximize the number of successful probation cases. However, various pragmatic studies have found that JPOs are not yielding the expected benefits when compared to efficacy studies (Lipsey et al., 2010; Taxman & Belenko, 2011).

Dating of a large tool assemblage at the Cooper's Ferry site (Idaho, USA) to ~15,785 cal yr B.P. extends the age of stemmed points in the Americas.

The timing and character of the Pleistocene peopling of the Americas are measured by the discovery of unequivocal artifacts from well-dated contexts. We report the discovery of a well-dated artifact assemblage containing 14 stemmed projectile points from the Cooper's Ferry site in western North America, dating to ~16,000 years ago. These stemmed points are several thousand years older than Clovis fluted points (~13,000 cal yr B.

Data-driven analyses to quantify information seeking behaviour for women with uterine fibroids.

Uterine fibroids (UF) are noncancerous growths of the uterus and impact the livelihood of over 26 million women in the United States. Although UF may not have accompanying symptoms, for some women their presence leads to surgical treatment, which can be a difficult decision-making process. Web-scraping of online media is used to identify information-seeking behavior of women searching for UF treatment options.

The Value Added of Incorporating Qualitative Approaches into Malaria Surveillance, Monitoring, and Evaluation.

Progress toward malaria elimination and improvements in the performance of national malaria control programs (NMCPs) have stalled in recent years. The current COVID-19 pandemic further threatens building on previous gains. Surveillance, monitoring, and evaluation (SME) are critical for the continued success of NMCPs because they provide the information necessary for effective program planning and management.

Mitigating Rural Adolescent Trauma: Remote Delivery of a Trauma-Informed Yoga Intervention During COVID-19.

Given the prevalence of childhood trauma in rural Montana, this project is intended to help mitigate stressors that may contribute to poor behavioral and mental health in high school-aged children, which may be exacerbated by the collective trauma of the COVID-19 pandemic. The immediate goal was to measure physical and mental health outcomes in adolescents resulting from a remotely delivered trauma-informed yoga intervention designed to foster positive youth development. Our study builds on the successes from an initial feasibility pilot study one year prior in order to evaluate a more robust intervention comparing experimental and control group outcomes.

Enlarged perivascular space burden associations with arterial stiffness and cognition.

Enlarged perivascular spaces (ePVS) are difficult to quantify, and their etiologies and consequences are poorly understood. Vanderbilt Memory and Aging Project participants (n = 327, 73 ± 7 years) completed 3T brain MRI to quantify ePVS volume and count, longitudinal neuropsychological assessment, and cardiac MRI to quantify aortic stiffness. Linear regressions related (1) PWV to ePVS burden and (2) ePVS burden to cross-sectional and longitudinal neuropsychological performance adjusting for key demographic and medical factors.

Effects of maternal hypertension on cord blood Arginine vasopressin receptor expression.

Arginine vasopressin (AVP) signaling is altered in preeclampsia and physiologic stress. AVP is implicated in fluid homeostasis and cardiovascular (CV) function, which is disrupted in some progeny from preeclamptic pregnancies. However, whether altered fetal AVP signaling occurs in preeclampsia is unknown.

Genetic investigation of the contribution of body composition to anorexia nervosa in an electronic health record setting.

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a psychiatric disorder defined by anthropometric symptoms, such as low body weight, and cognitive-behavioral symptoms, such as restricted eating, fear of weight gain, and distorted body image. Recent studies have identified a genetic association between AN and metabolic/anthropometric factors, including body mass index (BMI). Although the reported associations may be under pleiotropic genetic influences, they may represent independent risk factors for AN.

Managing migraine on the frontline: Identifying disease, understanding burden, and incorporating CGRP pathway-targeting therapies in primary care.

Migraine is a common neurologic disorder with clinical phenotypes encompassing a variety of symptoms which all contribute to the burden felt by patients. In addition to negative impacts on a patient's quality of life, migraine has both direct medical costs and indirect costs related to missed work and decreased productivity that affect individuals as well as society at large. Unfortunately, migraine diagnoses are often missed, and many patients do not receive appropriate treatment.

A practical approach to identifying autistic adults within the electronic health record.

The electronic health record (EHR) provides valuable data for understanding physical and mental health conditions in autism. We developed an approach to identify charts of autistic young adults, retrieved from our institution's de-identified EHR database. Clinical notes within two cohorts were identified.

Safety of early antiplatelet administration in patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with alteplase (SEAPT-24).

Objectives: Alteplase, a tissue-type plasminogen activator, is recommended for ischemic stroke patients presenting within 4.5 h. Due to bleeding risks, current guidelines advise delaying antiplatelet therapy for 24 h after alteplase.

Geriatric Pharmacotherapy Case Series: Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension.

This case illustrates the pharmacist's role in the outpatient management of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (nOH) in a community-dwelling older person. In this case, the patient has a long-standing history of asymptomatic hypotension with recent onset of falls with temporary loss of consciousness prompting initiation of pharmacologic therapy. This case reviews nonpharmacological and pharmacological treatment options for older people with symptomatic nOH.

Sentinel lymph node biopsy in desmoplastic melanoma - the percent desmoplastic component matters: A systematic review.

Background: Desmoplastic melanoma (DM) is a less common form of cutaneous melanoma that has been described for decades; however, controversy remains regarding the management and use of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). The purpose of this study is to identify whether SLNB is indicated in all cases of DM, including the pure subtype.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted using PubMed (with access to MEDLINE) along with the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from 2001 to 2019.

Chest radiograph classification and severity of suspected COVID-19 by different radiologist groups and attending clinicians: multi-reader, multi-case study.

Objectives: To quantify reader agreement for the British Society of Thoracic Imaging (BSTI) diagnostic and severity classification for COVID-19 on chest radiographs (CXR), in particular agreement for an indeterminate CXR that could instigate CT imaging, from single and paired images.

Methods: Twenty readers (four groups of five individuals)-consultant chest (CCR), general consultant (GCR), and specialist registrar (RSR) radiologists, and infectious diseases clinicians (IDR)-assigned BSTI categories and severity in addition to modified Covid-Radiographic Assessment of Lung Edema Score (Covid-RALES), to 305 CXRs (129 paired; 2 time points) from 176 guideline-defined COVID-19 patients. Percentage agreement with a consensus of two chest radiologists was calculated for (1) categorisation to those needing CT (indeterminate) versus those that did not (classic/probable, non-COVID-19); (2) severity; and (3) severity change on paired CXRs using the two scoring systems.

Chromosome-level genome assembly for the Aldabra giant tortoise enables insights into the genetic health of a threatened population.

Background: The Aldabra giant tortoise (Aldabrachelys gigantea) is one of only two giant tortoise species left in the world. The species is endemic to Aldabra Atoll in Seychelles and is listed as Vulnerable on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List (v2.3) due to its limited distribution and threats posed by climate change.

Sex-Specific Genetic and Transcriptomic Liability to Neuroticism.

Background: The presentation, etiology, and relative risk of psychiatric disorders are strongly influenced by biological sex. Neuroticism is a transdiagnostic feature of psychiatric disorders displaying prominent sex differences. We performed genome-wide association studies of neuroticism separately in males and females to identify sex-specific genetic and transcriptomic profiles.

Principles for collaborative risk communication: Reducing landslide losses in Puerto Rico.

Landslides are frequent and damaging natural hazards that threaten the people and the natural and built environments of Puerto Rico. In 2017, more than 70,000 landslides were triggered across the island by heavy rainfall from Hurricane María, prompting requests by local professionals for landslide education and outreach materials. This article describes a novel collaborative risk communication framework that was developed to meet those requests and shaped the creation of a Spanish- and English-language Landslide Guide for Residents of Puerto Rico.

The breeding biology of erect-crested penguins, Eudyptes sclateri: Hormones, behavior, obligate brood reduction and conservation.

Erect-crested penguins are the least studied of all penguins. They breed on two isolated subantarctic island groups, the Antipodes and Bounty Islands. Sporadic nest counts indicate a dramatic decline in numbers of erect-crested penguins over the last 50 years.

A Single-Centre Experience of Post-COVID-19 Vaccine-Related Immune-Mediated Complications.

The significant impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a worldwide effort to develop effective vaccines. In the United Kingdom, the COVID-19 vaccine development and roll-out has been overwhelmingly successful in reducing infections and deaths. However, case reports have emerged of a rare syndrome of vaccine-induced immune thrombocytopenia and thrombosis (VITT), as well as cases of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP).

Learning and unlearning: Settler engagements in long-term Indigenous-settler alliances in Canada.

Drawing on three cases of long-term Indigenous-settler alliances in Canada, this research investigates the roles and contributions of settlers towards decolonization. As a multidisciplinary team of Indigenous and non-Indigenous scholars, our research goal has been to understand how such alliances endure and change over time, and how they negotiate power dynamics, tensions and changes, within a settler colonial context. Taking a comparative case study approach, and analysing interviews, sharing circles and archival documents, we focus here on the lessons that alliance participants have learned from their activist experiences about settler roles and responsibilities.

Youth at the intersection of parental incarceration and foster care: Examining prevalence, disparities, and mental health.

Background: While there are various pathways by which children experience parental incarceration or foster care, involvement in either system is associated with adverse health outcomes. Despite co-occurring risk factors for parental incarceration and foster care, little is known about the prevalence or characteristics of youth navigating both of these experiences.

Objectives: This study details the prevalence of youth at the intersection of parental incarceration and foster care, their demographic characteristics, and heterogeneity in their mental health.