Combined anterior-posterior versus posterior only approach for surgical management of adult spinal deformity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative studies.

Purpose: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the clinical outcomes and complication rates for fusion procedures of adult spinal deformity (ASD) performed via an anterior-posterior approach as compared to a posterior-only approach to guide surgical decision-making. Numerous surgical techniques exist for operative management of ASD; however, no systematic review and meta-analysis exists comparing combined anterior-posterior approaches to posterior-only approach, despite significant interest in the current literature.

Methods: Four databases were used to collect articles from database inception until September 9th, 2023.

Computer-assisted navigation of anterior odontoid screw fixation for type II odontoid fracture: case report and practical positioning technique.

Background: Odontoid process fractures, particularly type 2 fractures, pose significant treatment challenges due to their high rates of nonunion. Anterior odontoid screw fixation (AOSF) is traditionally performed using percutaneous methods with biplanar fluoroscopy. Computer-assisted navigation has emerged as a promising tool to enhance surgical precision, but its application in AOSF is rarely utilized.

Osteoporosis is not associated with reoperation or pseudarthrosis after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion through 4-years' follow-up: a retrospective cohort study of US academic health centers.

Background Context: Osteoporosis has been proposed as a risk factor for reoperation after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF), yet this potential association has been understudied, with conflicting results to date.

Purpose: This study examines the hypothesis that adults with osteoporosis would have an increased risk of reoperation after ACDF compared to matched adults without osteoporosis.

Study Design/setting: Retrospective cohort study.

Is Opioid Consumption Impacted by Study Participation? Maintenance of Fewer Opioid Refills With Reduced Prescription Quantity After Posterior Spinal Fusion in Adolescents With Idiopathic Scoliosis.

Background: Opioid overprescribing can lead to nonmedical opioid use. In a previous prospective study (STUDY), we showed that a standardized protocol involving preoperative education and reduced opioid prescription quantity decreased opioid use in idiopathic scoliosis patients following posterior spinal fusion (PSF). A potential limitation was the Hawthorne effect, where participant behavior changes due to observation.

Academic Productivity at Orthopedic Spine Surgery Fellowships Is Positively Correlated With Nonresearch Lifetime Industry Earnings: A Retrospective Study.

Study Design: Retrospective Analysis.

Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the impact of academic productivity at both individual and program levels on lifetime industry earnings within US orthopedic spine fellowships.

Summary Of Background Data: Physician-industry transparency was codified by the Physician Payments Sunshine Act (PSSA) in 2010.

The Association of Preoperative Bone Mineral Density and Outcomes After Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: A Systematic Review.

Study Design: This is a systematic review.

Objective: To evaluate anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) outcomes and complications as a function of preoperative bone mineral density (BMD).

Summary Of Background Data: Preoperative BMD optimization is commonly initiated before lumbar spinal fusion, but the effects of BMD on ACDF are less known.

Do Patients Accurately Recall Pain Levels Following Sacroiliac Joint Steroid Injection? A Cohort Study of Recall Bias in Patient-reported Outcomes.

Background: Sacroiliac joint (SIJ) injections are crucial in the diagnostic toolkit for evaluating SIJ pathology. Recall bias is an important component in patient-reported outcomes that has not been well studied in SIJ injection.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to characterize the accuracy, direction, and magnitude of pain level recall bias following SIJ steroid injection and study the factors that affect patient recollection.

Multilevel Cervical Disk Arthroplasty: Moving Beyond Two Levels.

Cervical disk arthroplasty (CDA) is well-studied for 1-level and 2-level cervical pathology. There is an increasing trend towards its utilization for greater than 2-level disease as an alternative to the gold standard, anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). The number of high-level, prospective studies or randomized trials regarding multilevel CDA is limited but continues to grow as the procedure gains popularity.

Learning curve associated with minimally invasive surgery for hallux valgus: A systematic review.

Background: The purpose of this systematic review is to examine the learning curve associated with minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for the treatment of hallux valgus (HV).

Methods: A systematic review was performed using PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, CINAHL and MEDLINE databases from database inception to February 16th, 2023. Inclusion criteria was articles with level of evidence I-III, any outcomes associated with learning curve, minimally invasive surgery, and diagnosis of hallux valgus' in adult patients.

Surface Pressures in Lower Extremity Splints: A Biomechanical Study.

Background: Though ubiquitously used in orthopaedic trauma, lower extremity splints may have associated iatrogenic risk of morbidity. Although clinicians pad bony prominences to minimize skin pressure, the effect of joint position on skin pressure and, more specifically, changing joint position, is understudied. The purpose of this biomechanical study is to determine the effect of various short-leg splint application techniques on anterior ankle surface pressure in the development of iatrogenic skin pressure ulcers.

Compartment Syndrome After Tibial Intramedullary Nail Removal and Intramedullary Debridement: A Case Report.

Case: A 45-year-old man who sustained an open tibial shaft fracture treated with intramedullary (IM) nailing 9 years earlier presented with persistent pain and concern for occult infection. He underwent tibial nail removal and debridement with reamer-irrigator-aspirator. Postoperative course was complicated by acute compartment syndrome.

Culturing explants for Cutibacterium at revision shoulder arthroplasty: an analysis of explant and tissue samples at corresponding anatomic sites.

Background: Culturing of deep tissues obtained at revision arthroplasty for Cutibacterium is a key component of diagnosing a periprosthetic infection. The value of culturing explanted components has not been well described. This study sought to answer the following questions: (1) How does the culture positivity of explant cultures compare with that of deep tissue cultures? (2) How often are explant cultures positive when tissue cultures are not, and vice versa? (3) How does the bacterial density in explant cultures compare with that in tissue cultures?

Methods: A total of 106 anatomic arthroplasties revised over a 7-year period were included.

Microglial depletion abolishes ischemic preconditioning in white matter.

Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is a phenomenon whereby a brief, non-injurious ischemic exposure enhances tolerance to a subsequent ischemic challenge. The mechanism of IPC has mainly been studied in rodent stroke models where gray matter (GM) constitutes about 85% of the cerebrum. In humans, white matter (WM) is 50% of cerebral volume and is a critical component of stroke damage.

Randomized controlled trial of chlorhexidine wash versus benzoyl peroxide soap for home surgical preparation: neither is effective in removing Cutibacterium from the skin of shoulder arthroplasty patients.

Introduction: Home chlorhexidine washes prior to shoulder surgery are commonly used in an attempt to reduce the skin bacterial load. However, recent studies have suggested that this agent is relatively ineffective against Cutibacterium acne. Benzoyl peroxide soap is a treatment for acne, but evidence regarding its effectiveness as prophylaxis in shoulder surgery is lacking.

Ischemic Preconditioning in White Matter: Magnitude and Mechanism.

Unlabelled: Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is a robust neuroprotective phenomenon whereby brief ischemic exposure confers tolerance to a subsequent ischemic challenge. IPC has not been studied selectively in CNS white matter (WM), although stroke frequently involves WM. We determined whether IPC is present in WM and, if so, its mechanism.