Skin Care of Infants Born at 21-23 Weeks' Gestation.

As more neonatal centers are caring for premature infants at 21-23 weeks' gestational age (GA), a growing need for improved practices related to routine skin care exists. Approach to skin care in this GA is challenging because the skin barrier is not completely formed at this developmental stage, leading to an increased risk of insensible water loss; increased sodium and nutritional requirement; and greater susceptibility to injury, infection, and temperature instability. Effective skin care in this population requires a proactive, standardized, multidisciplinary approach.

Assessing tafenoquine implementation in Brazil: a qualitative evaluation of perceptions of healthcare providers and Plasmodium vivax patients (QualiTRuST Study).

Background: To eliminate malaria by 2035, Brazil must address Plasmodium vivax. Previously, first-line treatment was chloroquine plus 7-day primaquine (PQ) without glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency testing. In 2021, point-of-care quantitative G6PD testing and single-dose tafenoquine (TQ) were piloted in two municipalities.

Perinatal exposure to environmental chemicals that disrupt thyroid function can perturb testis development.

Thyroid hormones (THs) are essential for normal growth and development. Their role in skeletal and brain development is well established, with congenital hypothyroidism causing stunted growth and severe intellectual disability. THs are also important for the development of other tissues and organs, including the testis.

Comparing Current Practice Habits for Treatment of Subcondylar Fracture Among Craniomaxillofacial Surgeons.

Study Design: Survey.

Objective: Subcondylar fractures stand out as a particular challenge when treating maxillofacial trauma. The fracture site is often difficult to access and adjacent to critical structures like the facial nerve.

Perception and barriers to access Pre-exposure Prophylaxis for HIV/AIDS (PrEP) among the MSM (men who have sex with men) Brazilian Amazon: A qualitative study.

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective HIV prevention strategy that consists in the use of antiretroviral drugs by seronegative people at risk of HIV. Negative perceptions, inadequate understanding, and access barriers have been associated with decreased medication adherence. Manaus is the largest city in the Brazilian Amazon, where the incidence of HIV/AIDS is high, and the rates of adherence to the antiretroviral treatment for HIV and PrEP are low.

Successfully Transitioning an Interruptive Alert into a Noninterruptive Alert for Central Line Dressing Changes in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Background:  Interruptive alerts are known to be associated with clinician alert fatigue, and poorly performing alerts should be evaluated for alternative solutions. An interruptive alert to remind clinicians about a required peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) dressing change within the first 48 hours after placement resulted in 617 firings in a 6-month period with only 11 (1.7%) actions taken from the alert.

Perspectives of healthcare professionals on training for quantitative G6PD testing during implementation of tafenoquine in Brazil (QualiTRuST Study).

Effective radical cure of Plasmodium vivax malaria is essential for malaria elimination in Brazil. P. vivax radical cure requires administration of a schizonticide, such as chloroquine, plus an 8-aminoquinoline.

Improving Maternal Depression Screening in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Purpose: To examine whether self-perceived benefits of mental health treatment differed between mothers of babies in the neonatal intensive care unit with and without a positive screen for depression based on their Edinburgh Postnatal Depression score.

Study Design And Methods: Mothers were recruited in person pre-COVID-19 pandemic, and via phone call and online advertisement during the pandemic. Mothers completed a 10-item depression scale and whether they believed they would benefit from mental health treatment.

Intracranial malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor: A case report and comprehensive literature review.

Background: Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are rare malignant soft-tissue sarcomas arising from peripheral nerves. Little data exist regarding MPNST originating intracranially. Here, we present a 7/8 nerve complex MPNST, discuss the treatment strategy and patient outcome, and provide a comprehensive review of existing literature.

Validating inborn error of immunity prevalence and risk with nationally representative electronic health record data.

Background: The 10 Warning Signs of Primary Immunodeficiency were created 30 years ago to advance recognition of inborn errors of immunity (IEI). However, no population-level assessment of their utility applied to electronic health record (EHR) data has been conducted.

Objective: We sought to quantify the value of having ≥2 warning signs (WS) toward diagnosing IEI using a highly representative real-world US cohort.

Compassionate Care: Listening Visits Provided by Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Nurses.

Purpose: Although mothers of infants hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) often experience clinically significant levels of depression symptoms, accessing mental-health treatment may be difficult. NICU mothers need emotional support that is conveniently delivered at the infant's point-of-care by a trusted professional who is knowledgeable about the medical and nursing care in the NICU. Listening Visits are an effective and accessible, nurse-delivered depression intervention, yet little is known about what mothers discuss during these sessions.

Engineering Materials and Devices for the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of COVID-19 and Infectious Diseases.

Following the global spread of COVID-19, scientists and engineers have adapted technologies and developed new tools to aid in the fight against COVID-19. This review discusses various approaches to engineering biomaterials, devices, and therapeutics, especially at micro and nano levels, for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, serving as a resource for scientists to identify specific tools that can be applicable for infectious-disease-related research, technology development, and treatment. From the design and production of equipment critical to first responders and patients using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology to point-of-care devices for rapid diagnosis, these technologies and tools have been essential to address current global needs for the prevention and detection of diseases.

Photobiomodulation using 940-nm laser as an adjuvant therapy on orthognathic surgery: A randomized clinical trial.

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy using 940-nm laser in patients undergoing orthognathic surgery. Twenty individuals were randomly distributed into laser (n = 10) and control (n = 10) groups. The PBM was conducted immediately after surgery, after 24 h, 48 h, and weekly for up to 4 weeks.

Extracellular vesicles: A dive into their role in the tumor microenvironment and cancer progression.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) encompass a diverse set of membrane-derived particles released from cells and are found in numerous biological matrices and the extracellular space. Specific classes of EVs include apoptotic bodies, exosomes, and microvesicles, which vary in their size, origin, membrane protein expression, and interior cargo. EVs provide a mechanism for shuttling cargo between cells, which can influence cell physiology by transporting proteins, DNA, and RNA.

A Randomized Controlled Trial of Listening Visits for Mothers of Hospitalized Newborns.

Background: Emotional distress is frequently experienced by mothers whose newborns are hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Among these women, there is a critical need for emotional support conveniently delivered at the newborn's point of care by a trusted and medically knowledgeable professional: a NICU nurse. One promising way to enhance in situ delivery of emotional care is to have a NICU nurse provide Listening Visits (LVs), a brief support intervention developed expressly for delivery by nurses to depressed postpartum women.

Testing the Impact of Protocolized Care of Patients With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Without Intracranial Pressure Monitoring: The Imaging and Clinical Examination Protocol.

Background: Most patients with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) in low- or-middle-income countries and surprisingly many in high-income countries are managed without intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring. The impact of the first published protocol (Imaging and Clinical Examination [ICE] protocol) is untested against nonprotocol management.

Objective: To determine whether patients treated in intensive care units (ICUs) using the ICE protocol have lower mortality and better neurobehavioral functioning than those treated in ICUs using no protocol.

Evaluation of Mobile and Digital Single-Lens Reflex Photography for Facial Surgical Analysis.

Objectives: High-quality perioperative photography is imperative to good surgical planning in facial reconstructive and aesthetic surgery. We explore the utility of an add-on smartphone telephoto lens to avoid the distortions noted in prior studies using smartphone cameras.

Methods: Standard perioperative photographs of the same subject were taken with three distinct cameras using a dual-ring light setup.

Water, Walls, and Bicycles: Wealth Index Composition Using Census Microdata.

In this study, we produce a valid and consistent variable for socioeconomic status at the household level with census microdata from ten developing countries available from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series - International (IPUMS-I), the world's largest census database. We use principal components analysis to compute a wealth index based on asset ownership, utilities, and dwelling characteristics. We validate the index by verifying socioeconomic gradients on school enrollment and educational attainment.

Race/ethnicity matching boosts enrollment of black participants in clinical trials.

Background: Enrollment of a representative sample of racial or ethnic-minority participants can be challenging for researchers conducting clinical trials. One proposed solution is race/ethnicity matching (i.e.

A Gastroenterologist's Approach to the Diagnosis and Management of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. These tumors have been shown to harbor oncogenic mutations of the c-kit tyrosine kinase receptor or platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA). Immunohistochemical analysis of GISTs allows for the differentiation of these tumors from other mesenchymal tumors of the GI tract such as leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas.

Production of methylcellulose films functionalized with poly-ε-caprolactone nanocapsules entrapped β-carotene for food packaging application.

Nowadays, there is a worldwide demand in the production of innovative packaging that release active compounds to increase the shelf life of perishable food products. Therefore, this study produced methylcellulose films functionalized with poly-ε-caprolactone nanocapsules entrapped β-carotene. The nanoparticles were produced by the nanoprecipitation method, and 10, 30, and 50 % of nanoparticles colloidal solution was added in the methylcellulose filmogenic solution.