Development and adult organization of the lateral part of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in the chicken.

The lateral part of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BSTL) is a component of the subpallial amygdala located near the ventral sulcus of the lateral ventricle, but its limits have not been well defined in birds. In this study, we analyzed the expression patterns of a number of neurochemical markers: GABA, calbindin (CB), calretinin (CR), or neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), in the embryonic and adult chicken brain, to further characterize the organization of the avian BSTL. From embryonic day 16, it was possible to distinguish three different regions within BSTL on the basis of cytoarchitectonic and immunohistochemical features.

Distinct immunohistochemically defined areas in the medial amygdala in the developing and adult mouse.

The medial amygdala has been considered a subpallial structure, but various studies have shown that is a somewhat complex structure expressing both pallial and subpallial gene markers. In this regard, we analyzed the immunohistochemical expression of the neurotransmitter GABA, the vesicular glutamate transporter type 2 (VGLUT2), the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), and the calcium-binding proteins calbindin-D28k (CB) and calretinin (CR) in the developing and adult mouse medial amygdala. From intermediate embryonic stages on, neurochemical data show a distinctive superficial region forming a band all along the medial amygdalar surface.

Quality assessment of nonanthrax vaccination data in the Defense Medical Surveillance System (DMSS), 1998-2004.

We assessed nonanthrax vaccination data quality in the Defense Medical Surveillance System (DMSS) during 1998-2004. We sampled servicemembers' medical charts at 28 Military Treatment Facilities and estimated the agreement between DMSS electronic and medical chart vaccination data, conditional on the data in the medical charts. Our analysis included 3831 individuals who received 39,305 nonanthrax vaccine doses.

The relationship between stress and depression in first onsets versus recurrences: a meta-analytic review.

S. M. Monroe and K.

A modified technique of arthroscopically assisted AC joint reconstruction and preliminary results.

Surgical treatment of high-grade acromioclavicular (AC) joint separations has become analogous to ligament reconstructions elsewhere in the body with the goal being restoration of the native anatomy. Circumferential access to the base of the coracoid is essential to reconstruct the coracoclavicular ligament complex. Using some of the traditional open approaches, this access requires detaching the deltoid insertion and performing extensive soft tissue dissection.

Assessing romantic competence in adolescence: the Romantic Competence Interview.

This article presents preliminary psychometric data on the reliability and validity of the newly developed Romantic Competence Interview (RCI). The RCI is an interviewer-assessed measure designed to assess competence among adolescents regardless of romantic relationship status. Eighty-three early adolescent girls (m age=13.

Clarifying co-rumination: associations with internalizing symptoms and romantic involvement among adolescent girls.

Co-rumination, or excessive discussion of problems within friendships, has been associated with internalizing symptoms and is especially prevalent among adolescent girls. Eighty-three early adolescent girls participated in a prospective study further examining this construct. Co-rumination was positively correlated with depressive symptoms and positive aspects of friendship, but did not predict longitudinal changes in depressive symptoms.

Molecular tracking of Listeria monocytogenes in an Iberian pig abattoir and processing plant.

The environment and products from an Iberian pig abattoir and processing plant were sampled to investigate the prevalence and genetic diversity of Listeria monocytogenes. The organism was not detected in the pig carcasses prior to processing. Fresh and dry-cured pork did show detectable levels, always ranging below 100CFU per gram.

A birth-to-death view of mRNA from the RNA recognition motif perspective.

RNA binding proteins are a large and varied group of factors that are the driving force behind post-transcriptional gene regulation. By analogy with transcription factors, RNA binding proteins bind to various regions of the mRNAs that they regulate, usually upstream or downstream from the coding region, and modulate one of the five major processes in mRNA metabolism: splicing, polyadenylation, export, translation and decay. The most abundant RNA binding protein domain is called the RNA Recognition Motif (RRM)1.

Cryptic diversity and deep divergence in an upper Amazonian leaflitter frog, Eleutherodactylus ockendeni.

Background: The forests of the upper Amazon basin harbour some of the world's highest anuran species richness, but to date we have only the sparsest understanding of the distribution of genetic diversity within and among species in this region. To quantify region-wide genealogical patterns and to test for the presence of deep intraspecific divergences that have been documented in some other neotropical anurans, we developed a molecular phylogeny of the wide-spread terrestrial leaflitter frog Eleutherodactylus ockendeni (Leptodactylidae) from 13 localities throughout its range in Ecuador using data from two mitochondrial genes (16S and cyt b; 1246 base pairs). We examined the relation between divergence of mtDNA and the nuclear genome, as sampled by five species-specific microsatellite loci, to evaluate indirectly whether lineages are reproductively isolated where they co-occur.

Endoscopic and surgical therapy for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in the united states: a population-based study.

Background: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a highly fatal disease with limited therapeutic options. The determinants, trends, and outcomes of different therapies for ICC are largely unknown in the United States.

Methods: Using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End-Results-(SEER) Medicare database, we compared ICC patients receiving different therapies between 1992 and 1999.

Commentary: defining and understanding adolescent romantic competence: progress, challenges, and implications.

Commentary on the articles in this special section is provided. Following a brief review of the articles in this section, discussion focuses on the conceptualization of adolescent romantic competence, the importance of studying competence, and the implications of research in this area for knowing how to help young people have more successful romantic relationships.

The validity of viral hepatitis and chronic liver disease diagnoses in Veterans Affairs administrative databases.

Background: The validity of International Classification of Diseases-9 codes for liver disease has not been determined.

Aim: To examine the accuracy of International Classification of Diseases-9 codes for cirrhosis with hepatitis C virus or alcoholic liver disease and HIV or hepatitis B virus coinfection with hepatitis C virus in Veterans Affairs data.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study comparing the Veterans Affairs administrative data with abstracted data from the Michael E.

Fast and practical algorithms for planted (l, d) motif search.

We consider the planted (l, d) motif search problem, which consists of finding a substring of length l that occurs in a set of input sequences {s1, . . .

Epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in Hispanics in the United States.

Background: To our knowledge, no detailed analysis exists of the incidence and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among Hispanics in the United States. In previous studies, the rates for Hispanics have not been reported separately from other racial or ethnic groups.

Methods: We used information on patients diagnosed as having HCC from 13 registries in the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database of the National Cancer Institute to calculate race-specific, age-adjusted incidence rates (AIR) between 1992 and 2002.

Bioinformatic analysis of neural stem cell differentiation.

Regulated mRnAs during differentiation of rat neural stem cells were analyzed using the ABi1700 microarray platform. This microarray, while technically advanced, suffers from the difficulty of integrating hybridization results into public databases for systems-level analysis. This is particularly true for the rat array, since many of the probes were designed for transcripts based on predicted human and mouse homologs.

Effect of lipopeptides of antagonistic strains of Bacillus subtilis on the morphology and ultrastructure of the cucurbit fungal pathogen Podosphaera fusca.

Aims: To analyse the morphological and ultrastructural effects of lipopeptides of cell-free liquid cultures from the antagonistic Bacillus subtilis strains, UMAF6614 and UMAF6639, on the cucurbit powdery mildew fungus, Podosphaera fusca, conidial germination.

Methods And Results: Butanolic extracts from cell-free supernatants of B. subtilis cultures were tested for their ability to arrest P.

Longitudinal relations between forgiveness and conflict resolution in marriage.

Does forgiveness predict later conflict resolution in married couples? Twelve-month follow-up data on conflict resolution were collected from the couples studied by F. D. Fincham, S.

Evidence of brain dysfunction in attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder: a controlled study with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Rationale And Objectives: Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a socially disabling condition whose pathophysiology is mostly unknown. Previous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based reports have shown structural abnormalities in the prefrontal region and the striatum, but with inconsistencies across the studies with regard to right/left specificity of changes. Our study is aimed at finding evidence of dysfunction with more refined MRI techniques such as diffusion-weighted MRI and spectroscopy.

Applying new inter-individual approaches to assess fine-scale population genetic diversity in a neotropical frog, Eleutherodactylus ockendeni.

We assess patterns of genetic diversity of a neotropical leaflitter frog, Eleutherodactylus ockendeni, in the upper Amazon of Ecuador without a priori delineation of biological populations and with sufficiently intensive sampling to assess inter-individual patterns. We mapped the location of each collected frog across a 5.4 x 1 km landscape at the Jatun Sacha Biological Station, genotyped 185 individuals using five species-specific DNA microsatellite loci, and sequenced a fragment of mitochondrial cytochrome b for a subset of 51 individuals.

Utilization of screening for hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States.

Background: Screening for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been recommended for patients at high-risk of developing HCC. Yet, the utilization and determinants of screening remain unclear.

Methods: All patients diagnosed with HCC at 3 medical centers during 1998 to 2003 were identified.

Risk factors for intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in the United States: a population-based case-control study.

Background & Aims: Intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas are rare and highly malignant cancers of the bile duct. Although the incidence of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC) has remained constant, the incidence of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) has increased in the United States. Because the etiology of both tumors is poorly understood, a population-based case-control study was conducted to examine the association of ECC and ICC with preexisting medical conditions.

Dynamic patterns of colocalization of calbindin, parvalbumin and GABA in subpopulations of mouse basolateral amygdalar cells during development.

Calbindin cells represent a major interneuron subtype of the cortical/pallial regions, such as the basolateral amygdala, which are often analyzed in studies of tangential migration of interneurons from the subpallial ganglionic eminences to the pallium/cortex. However, previous evidence suggests that during development the calbindin cells may include more than one of the interneuron subtypes found in the adult pallium/cortex. Furthermore, in the adult basolateral amygdala, calbindin cells include a subpopulation of non-GABAergic (non-interneuron) cells.

Coexistence of self-organized criticality and intermittent turbulence in the solar corona.

An extended data set of extreme ultraviolet images of the solar corona provided by the SOHO spacecraft is analyzed using statistical methods common to studies of self-organized criticality (SOC) and intermittent turbulence (IT). The data exhibit simultaneous hallmarks of both regimes: namely, power-law avalanche statistics as well as multiscaling of structure functions for spatial activity. This implies that both SOC and IT may be manifestations of a single complex dynamical process entangling avalanches of magnetic energy dissipation with turbulent particle flows.

Assessment of kindergarten immunization rates in Colorado: school self-reports vs. health department audits, 2004-2005.

In 2005, the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment audited a sample of kindergarten school records to determine vaccination coverage at school entry. In addition to the audit, the traditional method of collecting immunization data by self-reports from schools continued through that school year. The results of the two surveys were compared.