Publications by authors named "Davies R"

Background: The menopause transition is associated with unfavourable alterations in health. However, postprandial metabolic changes and their mediating factors are poorly understood.

Methods: The PREDICT 1 UK cohort (n=1002; pre- n=366, peri- n=55, and post-menopausal females n=206) assessed phenotypic characteristics, anthropometric, diet and gut microbiome data, and fasting and postprandial (0-6 h) cardiometabolic blood measurements, including continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data.

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Influenza continues to be the most important cause of viral respiratory disease, despite the availability of vaccines. Today's evaluation of influenza vaccines mainly focuses on the quantitative and functional analyses of antibodies to the surface proteins haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). However, there is an increasing interest in measuring cellular immune responses targeting not only mutation-prone surface HA and NA but also conserved internal proteins as these are less explored yet potential correlates of protection.

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Improving nutritional status during pregnancy is a global interest. Frequently, women either fail to meet or exceed nutrient recommendations. Current strategies to improve maternal nutrition focus on a "one-size-fits-all" approach and fail to consider individual factors that affect the mother's overall nutritional status.

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The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of feeding fava bean ( L.) protein (FBP) on resting and post-exercise myofibrillar fractional synthetic rate (myoFSR). In a parallel, double-blind, randomised control trial, sixteen young, healthy recreationally active adults (age = 25 (5) years, body mass = 70 (15) kg, stature = 1.

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Background: The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the impact of operative blood loss on short and long-term outcomes following colorectal cancer surgery.

Methods: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis were performed, from inception to the 10th of August 2020. A comprehensive literature search was performed on the 10th of August 2020 of PubMed MEDLINE, Embase, Science Citation Index Expanded, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials.

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Purpose: To characterize the pharmacokinetics (PK) of zanidatamab including evaluation of the impact of intrinsic and extrinsic patient factors. To investigate alternative dosing regimens to improve caregiver convenience and reduce zanidatamab wastage.

Methods: Serum zanidatamab concentrations were obtained from 305 patients with advanced or metastatic breast cancer, gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (GEA), biliary tract cancer, and other HER2-expressing cancers from four ongoing phase I and II clinical trials.

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Background: Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a systemic autoimmune disease, characterized by mononuclear cell infiltrates in the salivary and lacrimal glands, leading to glandular atrophy and dryness. Patient heterogeneity and lack of knowledge regarding its pathogenesis makes pSS a difficult disease to manage.

Methods: An exploratory analysis using mass cytometry was conducted of MAPK/ERK and JAK/STAT signaling pathways in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 16 female medication free pSS patients (8 anti-Sjögren's syndrome-related antigen A negative/SSA- and 8 SSA+) and 8 female age-matched healthy donors after stimulation with interferons (IFNs).

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Scope: Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) is an essential component of milk. Bovine MFGM (bMFGM) has been shown to support cognitive development and increase relative concentrations of serum phospholipids. This study investigates bioavailability of bMFGM components after oral administration in two preclinical models to explore whether dietary bMFGM induces parallel changes to plasma and brain lipidomes.

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Coronary artery perforation is a feared complication of chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Our objective was to describe the incidence, mechanisms, treatment, and outcomes of coronary artery perforation during CTO PCI. We analyzed the baseline clinical and angiographic characteristics and procedural outcomes of 10,454 CTO PCIs performed in 10,219 patients between 2012 and 2022.

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Ablative surgery of the mandibular condyle poses a unique reconstructive challenge for many reasons. The condyle and it's relationship to the TMJ is a unique, complex, functional and aesthetically relevant piece of human anatomy. Resection may be required for both malignant and benign pathologies; each posing a differing set of surgical variables.

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Background: Preprocedural coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) can be useful in procedural planning for chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods: We examined the clinical, angiographic and procedural characteristics and outcomes of cases with vs. without preprocedural CCTA in PROGRESS-CTO (NCT02061436).

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Background: Following a pandemic-driven shift to remote service provision, UK general practices offer telephone, video or online consultation options alongside face-to-face. This study explores practices' varied experiences over time as they seek to establish remote forms of accessing and delivering care.

Methods: This protocol is for a mixed-methods multi-site case study with co-design and national stakeholder engagement.

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Background: Appendectomy is a benchmark operation for trainee progression, but this should be weighed against patient safety and perioperative outcomes.

Methods: Systematic literature review and meta-analysis comparing outcomes of appendectomy performed by trainees versus trained surgeons.

Results: Of 2086 articles screened, 29 studies reporting on 135,358 participants were analyzed.

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Background: The use of intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) in chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has received limited study.

Methods: We analyzed the baseline clinical and angiographic characteristics and procedural outcomes of 82 CTO PCIs that required IVL at 14 centers between 2020 and 2022.

Results: During the study period, IVL was used in 82 of 3301 (2.

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Objectives: To assess the quantity and quality of studies using an observational measure of behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to narratively describe the association between self-report and observational data for behaviours relevant to controlling an infectious disease outbreak.

Design: Systematic review and narrative synthesis of observational studies.

Data Sources: We searched Medline, Embase, PsychInfo, Publons, Scopus and the UK Health Security Agency behavioural science LitRep database from inception to 17th September 2021 for relevant studies.

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The qualified presumption of safety (QPS) approach was developed to provide a regularly updated generic pre-evaluation of the safety of microorganisms, intended for use in the food or feed chains, to support the work of EFSA's Scientific Panels. The QPS approach is based on an assessment of published data for each agent, with respect to its taxonomic identity, the body of relevant knowledge, safety concerns and occurrence of antimicrobial resistance. Safety concerns identified for a taxonomic unit (TU) are, where possible, confirmed at the species/strain or product level and reflected by 'qualifications'.

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Feed-associated serovars continue to be reported in poultry flocks. A study was conducted to investigate contamination in major commercial feed mills that produce rations for broiler chickens within Great Britain. Dust and large moist gauze swab samples (12,791) were collected from 22 feed mills on 31 visits.

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Background: Chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is associated with increased risk of periprocedural complications. Estimating the risk of complications facilitates risk-benefit assessment and procedural planning.

Objectives: This study sought to develop risk scores for in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), mortality, pericardiocentesis, and acute myocardial infarction (MI) in patients undergoing CTO PCI.

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Appendicectomy is a common pediatric surgical procedure performed by trainees and surgeons with varying reported outcomes. It is a benchmark procedure for trainee progression and training benefits should be weighed against patient safety and perioperative outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated any differential perioperative outcomes dependent on the grade of the operating surgeon.

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Background: The impact of body mass index (BMI) on long-term survival outcomes after colorectal cancer surgery is debated.

Design: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis was performed to compare long-term survival outcomes of patients of different BMI categories after colorectal cancer surgery.

Results: Of the 2588 articles screened, 56 articles met the inclusion criteria, reporting on 72,582 participants.

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Article Synopsis
  • The Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) of SARS-CoV-2 has many mutations that make it highly transmissible and partially able to evade neutralizing antibodies, but vaccinated individuals still have some protection against severe disease due to strong cellular immunity.
  • In a study involving healthcare workers who received three doses of the BioNTech mRNA vaccine, it was found that their B and T cell responses were enhanced against older variants but less effective against the Omicron spike protein.
  • Those previously infected with earlier variants (like Alpha) had reduced antibody responses against Omicron, while uninfected individuals who got infected with Omicron showed improved immunity to earlier variants but weaker responses against Omicron itself.
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