Implementation of an injury prevention programme in community netball: An observational study.

The Netball KNEE programme is a freely available, netball-specific injury prevention programme promoted to netball coaches. However, little is known about its implementation. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the implementation of the Netball KNEE programme in community netball, and determine if implementation differed by player age.

Trends in International Cancer Research Investment 2006-2018.

The International Cancer Research Partnership (ICRP) is an active network of cancer research funding organizations, sharing information about funded research projects in a common database. Data are publicly available to enable the cancer research community to find potential collaborators and avoid duplication. This study presents an aggregated analysis of projects funded by 120 partner organizations and institutes in 2006-2018, to highlight trends in cancer research funding.

IMI Accommodation and Binocular Vision in Myopia Development and Progression.

The role of accommodation in myopia development and progression has been debated for decades. More recently, the understanding of the mechanisms involved in accommodation and the consequent alterations in ocular parameters has expanded. This International Myopia Institute white paper reviews the variations in ocular parameters that occur with accommodation and the mechanisms involved in accommodation and myopia development and progression.

Current approach to acute stroke management.

There have been marked improvements in the management of stroke in Australia over the past two decades. The greatest benefit has accrued from public health measures including reduced smoking rates and treatment of hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia. Recent advances in recanalisation therapy offer the chance of recovery to a subset of people who have a stroke.

Effect of the use of earplugs and eye masks on the quality of sleep after major abdominal surgery: a randomised controlled trial.

Significant sleep disturbance can occur following major abdominal surgery. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of earplugs and eye masks in improving sleep quality and patient satisfaction, reducing nursing demands and in the incidence of delirium in patients after major abdominal surgery. We conducted a randomised controlled trial in 100 patients undergoing major abdominal surgery.

Oxygenated End-Hypothermic Machine Perfusion in Expanded Criteria Donor Kidney Transplant: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Continuous hypothermic machine perfusion during organ preservation has a beneficial effect on graft function and survival in kidney transplant when compared with static cold storage (SCS).

Objective: To compare the effect of short-term oxygenated hypothermic machine perfusion preservation (end-HMPo2) after SCS vs SCS alone on 1-year graft survival in expanded criteria donor kidneys from donors who are brain dead.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In a prospective, randomized, multicenter trial, kidneys from expanded criteria donors were randomized to either SCS alone or SCS followed by end-HMPo2 prior to implantation with a minimum machine perfusion time of 120 minutes.

Second-line FOLFOX chemotherapy versus active symptom control for advanced biliary tract cancer (ABC-06): a phase 3, open-label, randomised, controlled trial.

Background: Advanced biliary tract cancer has a poor prognosis. Cisplatin and gemcitabine is the standard first-line chemotherapy regimen, but no robust evidence is available for second-line chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to determine the benefit derived from second-line FOLFOX (folinic acid, fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin) chemotherapy in advanced biliary tract cancer.

Characterization of innate and adaptive immune cells involved in the foreign body reaction to polypropylene meshes in the human abdomen.

Background: Polypropylene (PP) mesh is widely used to reinforce tissues. The foreign body reaction (FBR) to the implant is dominated by innate immune cells, especially macrophages. However, considerable numbers of adaptive immune cells, namely T cells, have also been regularly observed, which appear to play a crucial role in the long-term host response.

Evaluation of a primary care-based collaborative care model (PARTNERS2) for people with diagnoses of schizophrenia, bipolar, or other psychoses: study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial.

Background: Current NHS policy encourages an integrated approach to provision of mental and physical care for individuals with long term mental health problems. The 'PARTNERS2' complex intervention is designed to support individuals with psychosis in a primary care setting.

Aim: The trial will evaluate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of the PARTNERS2 intervention.

Assistive technology and telecare to maintain independent living at home for people with dementia: the ATTILA RCT.

Background: Assistive technology and telecare have been promoted to manage the risks associated with independent living for people with dementia, but there is limited evidence of their effectiveness.

Objectives: This trial aimed to establish whether or not assistive technology and telecare assessments and interventions extend the time that people with dementia can continue to live independently at home and whether or not they are cost-effective. Caregiver burden, the quality of life of caregivers and of people with dementia and whether or not assistive technology and telecare reduce safety risks were also investigated.

Clinical and echocardiographic predictors of decompensation in acute severe aortic regurgitation due to infective endocarditis.

Background: Patients with acute severe aortic regurgitation (AR) due to infective endocarditis can progress rapidly from the hemodynamically stable patient to pulmonary edema and cardiogenic shock. We sought to identify patients at risk of decompensation where emergent surgery should be undertaken.

Methods: We identified 90 patients with acute severe AR from the echocardiography laboratory database.

Toward the Scale-Up of a Bicyclic Homopiperazine via Schmidt Rearrangement and Photochemical Oxaziridine Rearrangement in Continuous-Flow.

The scale-up of a chiral bicyclic homopiperazine of pharmaceutical interest was investigated. The outcome and safety profile of a key batch ring-expansion step via Schmidt rearrangement was improved using continuous-flow chemistry. The selectivity of nitrogen insertion for the ring expansion was improved via an alternative photochemical oxaziridine rearrangement under mild conditions, which when converted to continuous-flow in a simple and efficient flow reactor allowed the first photochemical scale-up of a homopiperazine.

Current Trainee and Workforce Patterns for Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery in the United States.

Objective: Thyroid and parathyroid surgery is performed by both general surgeons and otolaryngologists. We describe the proportion of surgeries performed by specialty, providing data to support decisions about when and to whom to direct research, education, and quality improvement interventions.

Methods: We tabulated case numbers for privately insured patients undergoing thyroid and parathyroid surgery in Marketscan: 2010-2016 and trainee case logs for residents and fellows in general surgery and otolaryngology.

Cleft Care Packages and the Impact on Postoperative Care Following a Primary Cleft Lip Repair.

Objective: To provide caregivers with all the resources needed to care for a surgical site following a primary cleft lip repair and evaluate its efficacy on postoperative care.

Setting/participants: Caregivers of infants ages 3 to 6 months with a cleft lip and/or palate undergoing a primary repair at the Texas Children's Hospital.

Methods: Packages were given to caregivers at discharge following repair.

Status of primary and secondary mental healthcare of people with severe mental illness: an epidemiological study from the UK PARTNERS2 programme.

Background: There is global interest in the reconfiguration of community mental health services, including primary care, to improve clinical and cost effectiveness.

Aims: This study seeks to describe patterns of service use, continuity of care, health risks, physical healthcare monitoring and the balance between primary and secondary mental healthcare for people with severe mental illness in receipt of secondary mental healthcare in the UK.

Method: We conducted an epidemiological medical records review in three UK sites.

Prostaglandin E promotes intestinal inflammation via inhibiting microbiota-dependent regulatory T cells.

The gut microbiota fundamentally regulates intestinal homeostasis and disease partially through mechanisms that involve modulation of regulatory T cells (T), yet how the microbiota-T cross-talk is physiologically controlled is incompletely defined. Here, we report that prostaglandin E (PGE), a well-known mediator of inflammation, inhibits mucosal T in a manner depending on the gut microbiota. PGE through its receptor EP4 diminishes T-favorable commensal microbiota.

Efficacy of surgical masks or cloth masks in the prevention of viral transmission: Systematic review, meta-analysis, and proposal for future trial.

Objective: Recommendations for widespread use of face mask, including suggested type, should reflect the current published evidence and concurrently be studied. This review evaluates the preclinical and clinical evidence on use of cloth and surgical face masks in SARS-CoV-2 transmission and proposes a trial to gather further evidence.

Methods: PubMed, EMbase, and the Cochrane Library were searched.

Establishing a Smartphone Ambulatory ECG Service for Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department with Pre-Syncope and Palpitations.

The Investigation of Palpitations in the ED (IPED) study showed that a smartphone-based event recorder increased the number of patients in whom an electrocardiogram (ECG) was captured during symptoms over five-fold to more than 55% at 90 days compared to standard care and concluded that this safe, non-invasive and easy-to-use device should be considered part of on-going care to all patients presenting acutely with unexplained palpitations or pre-syncope. This study reports the process of establishing a smartphone palpitation and pre-syncope ambulatory care Clinic (SPACC) service. A clinical standard operating procedure (SOP) was devised, and funding was secured through a business case for the purchase of 40 AliveCor devices in the first instance.

Psychological intervention, antipsychotic medication or a combined treatment for adolescents with a first episode of psychosis: the MAPS feasibility three-arm RCT.

Background: When psychosis emerges in young people there is a risk of poorer outcomes, and access to evidence-based treatments is paramount. The current evidence base is limited. Antipsychotic medications show only a small benefit over placebo, but young people experience more side effects than adults.

Rapid detection and differentiation of mobile colistin resistance (mcr-1 to mcr-10) genes by real-time PCR and melt-curve analysis.

Background: The emergence of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) micro-organisms prompted new interest in older antibiotics, such as colistin, that had been abandoned previously due to limited efficacy or high toxicity. Over the years, several chromosomal-encoded colistin resistance mechanisms have been described; more recently, 10 plasmid-mediated mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes have been identified. Spread of these genes among MDR Gram-negative bacteria is a matter of serious concern; therefore, reliable and timely mcr detection is paramount.

Global patterns and trends in incidence and mortality of thyroid cancer in children and adolescents: a population-based study.

Background: There has been a considerable increase in thyroid cancer incidence among adults in several countries in the past three decades, attributed primarily to overdiagnosis. We aimed to assess global patterns and trends in incidence and mortality of thyroid cancer in children and adolescents, in view of the increased incidence among adults.

Methods: We did a population-based study of the observed incidence (in 49 countries and territories) and mortality (in 27 countries) of thyroid cancer in children and adolescents aged 0-19 years using data from the International Incidence of Childhood Cancer Volume 3 study database, the WHO mortality database, and the cancer incidence in five continents database (CI5plus; for adult data [age 20-74 years]).

Multidisciplinary management of a previously unreported presentation of severe aplasia cutis congenita.

Aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) is characterized by the complete or partial absence of skin at birth, with 85% of cases of ACC involving the scalp vertex. The etiology of ACC is unclear and appears to be multifactorial. We present the case of a 3-month-old boy who presented with a diagnosis of non-scalp ACC affecting approximately 80% of his total body surface area at birth.

NATIONAL SURVEY OF ENDOCRINOLOGISTS AND SURGEONS REGARDING ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE FOR LOW-RISK PAPILLARY THYROID CANCER.

Objective: Active surveillance for low-risk papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) was endorsed by the American Thyroid Association guidelines in 2015. The attitudes and beliefs of physicians treating thyroid cancer regarding the active surveillance approach are not known.

Methods: A national survey of endocrinologists and surgeons treating thyroid cancer was conducted from August to September 2017 via professional society emails.

Characterising polypharmacy in the very old: Findings from the Newcastle 85+ Study.

Background: Polypharmacy is potentially harmful and under-researched amongst the fastest growing subpopulation, the very old (aged ≥85). We aimed to characterise polypharmacy using data from the Newcastle 85+ Study-a prospective cohort of people born in 1921 who turned 85 in 2006 (n = 845).

Methods: The prevalence of polypharmacy at baseline (mean age 85.