UK nurses' and midwives' experiences of healthful leadership practices during the COVID-19 pandemic: A rapid realist review.

Aim: We aim to explore healthful leadership practices in nursing and midwifery evident within the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom, the contextual facilitators, barriers and outcomes.

Background: Globally, the health and care sectors are under pressure and despite nurses and other professionals, demonstrating resilience and resourcefulness in the COVID-19 pandemic; this has negatively impacted on their health and wellbeing and on patient care.

Evaluation: Two searches were conducted in July 2021 and December 2021.

Educating Nurses During a Pandemic to Manage Mechanically Ventilated Patients.

Providing care for critically ill patients diagnosed with COVID-19 presented a number of challenges. Initially, few treatment strategies were available; however, evidence of pulmonary complications led to patients' need for ventilators. This article describes the rapid development and implementation of a mechanical ventilation cross-training program for acute care nurses.

A genetic model for central chondrosarcoma evolution correlates with patient outcome.

Background: Central conventional chondrosarcoma (CS) is the most common subtype of primary malignant bone tumour in adults. Treatment options are usually limited to surgery, and prognosis is challenging. These tumours are characterised by the presence and absence of IDH1 and IDH2 mutations, and recently, TERT promoter alterations have been reported in around 20% of cases.

Sex Disparity in Cause-Specific and All-Cause Mortality Among Incident Dialysis Patients.

Rationale & Objective: Early mortality rates of female patients receiving dialysis have been, at times, observed to be higher than rates among male patients. The differences in cause-specific mortality between male and female incident dialysis patients with kidney failure are not well understood and were the focus of this study.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

The incidence of cancer recurrence and new cancer following commencement of dialysis.

Background: Patients with kidney failure have a higher cancer risk compared with the age-matched general population. However, the outcomes of incident dialysis patients with a prior cancer history are unknown.

Methods: Using Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry data (2000-2019), the outcomes and survival probabilities of incident dialysis patients with prior cancers and having experienced a cancer recurrence or having developed a new cancer after dialysis commencement were described.

Orexin 2 receptor-selective agonist danavorexton improves narcolepsy phenotype in a mouse model and in human patients.

Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is a sleep disorder caused by a loss of orexinergic neurons. Narcolepsy type 2 (NT2) is heterogeneous; affected individuals typically have normal orexin levels. Following evaluation in mice, the effects of the orexin 2 receptor (OX2R)-selective agonist danavorexton were evaluated in single- and multiple-rising-dose studies in healthy adults, and in individuals with NT1 and NT2.

Toward a dimensional model of risk and protective factors influencing children's early cognitive, social, and emotional development during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Variation in infants' home environment is implicated in their cognitive and psycho-social development. The pandemic has intensified variations in home environments through exacerbating socioeconomic inequalities, and increasing psychological stressors for some families. This study investigates the effects of parental (predominantly maternal) mental health, enriching activities and screen use on 280 24- to 52-month-olds' executive functions, internalising and externalising problems, and pro-social behaviour; with socioeconomic status and social support as contextual factors.

Meerkat manners: Endocrine mediation of female dominance and reproductive control in a cooperative breeder.

This article is part of a Special Issue (Hormones and Hierarchies). To gain more balanced understanding of sexual selection and mammalian sexual differentiation processes, this review addresses behavioral sex differences and hormonal mediators of intrasexual competition in the meerkat (Suricata suricatta) - a cooperative breeder unusual among vertebrates in its female aggression, degree of reproductive skew, and phenotypic divergence. Focused on the evolution, function, mechanism, and development of female dominance, the male remains a key reference point throughout.

Crystal structures reveal catalytic and regulatory mechanisms of the dual-specificity ubiquitin/FAT10 E1 enzyme Uba6.

The E1 enzyme Uba6 initiates signal transduction by activating ubiquitin and the ubiquitin-like protein FAT10 in a two-step process involving sequential catalysis of adenylation and thioester bond formation. To gain mechanistic insights into these processes, we determined the crystal structure of a human Uba6/ubiquitin complex. Two distinct architectures of the complex are observed: one in which Uba6 adopts an open conformation with the active site configured for catalysis of adenylation, and a second drastically different closed conformation in which the adenylation active site is disassembled and reconfigured for catalysis of thioester bond formation.

Identification of a Novel Pseudo-Natural Product Type IV IDO1 Inhibitor Chemotype.

Natural product (NP)-inspired design principles provide invaluable guidance for bioactive compound discovery. Pseudo-natural products (PNPs) are de novo combinations of NP fragments to target biologically relevant chemical space not covered by NPs. We describe the design and synthesis of apoxidoles, a novel pseudo-NP class, whereby indole- and tetrahydropyridine fragments are linked in monopodal connectivity not found in nature.

Predictors of emotional distress in uveal melanoma survivors: a systematic review.

Uveal melanoma (UM) survivors can experience significant emotional distress, although the factors underpinning this are poorly understood. Systematic reviews of distress in UM only include cross-sectional studies, thereby limiting our understanding of causal factors. This review identified prospective clinical, demographic, social and psychological predictors of distress in UM survivors.

A single-arm, open-label, multicenter, and comparative study of the ANNE sleep system vs polysomnography to diagnose obstructive sleep apnea.

Study Objectives: Evaluate per-patient diagnostic performance of a wireless dual-sensor system (ANNE sleep) compared with reference standard polysomnography (PSG) for the diagnosis of moderate and severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with a minimum prespecified threshold of 80% for both sensitivity and specificity.

Methods: A multicenter clinical trial was conducted to evaluate ANNE sleep vs PSG to diagnose moderate and severe OSA in individuals 22 years or older. For each testing approach, apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was manually scored and averaged by 3 registered sleep technologists blinded to the other system.

Selective skeletal editing of polycyclic arenes using organophotoredox dearomative functionalization.

Reactions that lead to destruction of aromatic ring systems often require harsh conditions and, thus, take place with poor selectivities. Selective partial dearomatization of fused arenes is even more challenging but can be a strategic approach to creating versatile, complex polycyclic frameworks. Herein we describe a general organophotoredox approach for the chemo- and regioselective dearomatization of structurally diverse polycyclic aromatics, including quinolines, isoquinolines, quinoxalines, naphthalenes, anthracenes and phenanthrenes.

Cysteine string protein alpha accumulates with early pre-synaptic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease.

In Alzheimer's disease, synapse loss causes memory and cognitive impairment. However, the mechanisms underlying synaptic degeneration in Alzheimer's disease are not well understood. In the hippocampus, alterations in the level of cysteine string protein alpha, a molecular co-chaperone at the pre-synaptic terminal, occur prior to reductions in synaptophysin, suggesting that it is a very sensitive marker of synapse degeneration in Alzheimer's.

Emotional Well-Being of Children and Youth with Severe Motor and Communication Impairment: A Conceptual Understanding.

Background: Children and youth with severe motor and communication impairment (SMCI) have difficulty providing self-expression through typical speech, writing with a paper and pencil, or using a standard keyboard. Their emotional expressions can be missed by peers and novel caregivers.

Purpose: To describe the indicators and components of emotional experiences for children/youth with SMCI.

Histopathological and Immunological Findings in the Common Marmoset Following Exposure to Aerosolized SARS-CoV-2.

There is an enduring requirement to develop animal models of COVID-19 to assess the efficacy of vaccines and therapeutics that can be used to treat the disease in humans. In this study, six marmosets were exposed to a small particle aerosol (1-3 µm) of SARS-CoV-2 VIC01 that delivered the virus directly to the lower respiratory tract. Following the challenge, marmosets did not develop clinical signs, although a disruption to the normal diurnal temperature rhythm was observed in three out of six animals.

Identification of Target Proteins Involved in Cochlear Hair Cell Progenitor Cytotoxicity following Gentamicin Exposure.

Given the non-labile, terminal differentiation of inner-ear sensory cells, preserving their function is critical since sensory cell damage results in irreversible hearing loss. Gentamicin-induced cytotoxicity is one of the major causes of sensory cell damage and consequent sensorineural hearing loss. However, the precise molecular mechanisms and target proteins involved in ototoxicity are still unknown.

Visible Light-Mediated, Highly Diastereoselective Epimerization of Lactams from the Most Accessible to the More Stable Stereoisomer.

Most known methods to access δ-lactams with stereogenic centers at the α- and β-positions are highly selective for the contra-thermodynamic diastereomer, typically hydrogenation of the corresponding pyridinones or quinolinones. We describe here the development of a photoredox-mediated hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) approach for the epimerization of δ-lactams to access the more stable diastereomers from the contra-thermodynamic isomers. The reaction displays broad functional group compatibility, including acid, ester, 1°, 2° and 3° amide, carbamate, and pyridyl groups, and was effective for a range of differently substituted monocyclic and bicyclic lactams.

Ultrafast Microscopy Imaging of Acoustic Cluster Therapy Bubbles: Activation and Oscillation.

Acoustic Cluster Therapy (ACT®) is a platform for improving drug delivery and has had promising pre-clinical results. A clinical trial is ongoing. ACT® is based on microclusters of microbubbles-microdroplets that, when sonicated, form a large ACT® bubble.

Making data map-worthy-enhancing routine malaria data to support surveillance and mapping of Plasmodium falciparum anti-malarial resistance in a pre-elimination sub-Saharan African setting: a molecular and spatiotemporal epidemiology study.

Background: Independent emergence and spread of artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria have recently been confirmed in Africa, with molecular markers associated with artemisinin resistance increasingly detected. Surveillance to promptly detect and effectively respond to anti-malarial resistance is generally suboptimal in Africa, especially in low transmission settings where therapeutic efficacy studies are often not feasible due to recruitment challenges. However, these communities may be at higher risk of anti-malarial resistance.