Transcriptomic pathology of neocortical microcircuit cell types across psychiatric disorders.

Psychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), and schizophrenia (SCZ) are characterized by altered cognition and mood, brain functions that depend on information processing by cortical microcircuits. We hypothesized that psychiatric disorders would display cell type-specific transcriptional alterations in neuronal subpopulations that make up cortical microcircuits: excitatory pyramidal (PYR) neurons and vasoactive intestinal peptide- (VIP), somatostatin- (SST), and parvalbumin- (PVALB) expressing inhibitory interneurons. Using laser capture microdissection followed by RNA sequencing (LCM-seq), we performed cell type-specific molecular profiling of subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, a region implicated in mood and cognitive control.

The catechol moiety of obafluorin is essential for antibacterial activity.

Obafluorin is a antibacterial natural product that inhibits threonyl-tRNA synthetase (ThrRS). It acts as a broad-spectrum antibiotic against a range of clinically relevant pathogens and comprises a strained β-lactone ring decorated with catechol and 4-nitro-benzyl moieties. The catechol moiety is widespread in nature and its role in the coordination of ferric iron has been well-characterised in siderophores and Trojan horse antibiotics.

Case-control virtual histology elucidates cell types associated with cortical thickness differences in Alzheimer's disease.

Many neuropsychiatric disorders are characterised by altered cortical thickness, but the cell types underlying these changes remain largely unknown. Virtual histology (VH) approaches map regional patterns of gene expression with regional patterns of MRI-derived phenotypes, such as cortical thickness, to identify cell types associated with case-control differences in those MRI measures. However, this method does not incorporate valuable information of case-control differences in cell type abundance.

An in vitro whole-cell electrophysiology dataset of human cortical neurons.

Background: Whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology is an essential technique for understanding how single neurons translate their diverse inputs into a functional output. The relative inaccessibility of live human cortical neurons for experimental manipulation has made it difficult to determine the unique features of how human cortical neurons differ from their counterparts in other species.

Findings: We present a curated repository of whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from surgically resected human cortical tissue, encompassing 118 neurons from 35 individuals (age range, 21-59 years; 17 male, 18 female).

Child poverty and health inequalities in the UK: a guide for paediatricians.

One in three children in the UK lives in relative poverty. There are clear and consistent links between child poverty and paediatric morbidity and mortality. In this review, we discuss drivers for family poverty in the UK, and how this leads to poor child health outcomes.

Appendicular Tissue at Diagnosis and at Follow Up in Women Over 50y With Coeliac Disease.

Coeliac disease (CD) affects lean, fat and bone composition in the limbs. Many studies compare CD patients with controls who are inappropriate in relation to weight, sex, and age. Thus, although CD patients may have deficiency of appendicular lean and bone, whether this applies when these variables are controlled is uncertain.

Double-headed small-bowel capsule endoscopy: Real-world experience from a multi-centre British study.

Introduction: Capsule endoscopy (CE) is well established the investigation of small-bowel (SB) pathology. We compared the use of double-headed (DH) capsules, to conventional single-headed (SH), in a real-world patient cohort in the first multicentre British study.

Methods: Over 9 months, patients referred for routine SBCE at 4 tertiary referral centres in the UK underwent DH CE instead of conventional SH using MiroCam MC2000 as per local protocols.

Faecal Calprotectin and 7-α Cholestenone Levels in Microscopic Colitis: Experience from Edinburgh.

Introduction: Microscopic colitis (MC) is an important cause of chronic, watery diarrhoea. Currently, there is no specific biomarker available to guide diagnosis. The use of faecal calprotectin (FCP) as a potential marker has been addressed in only a few studies.

Fifteen-minute consultation: Managing sleep problems in children and young people with ADHD.

Sleep difficulties are common in children and young people presenting with features of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Sleep problems may be both an effect of and a contributor to ADHD symptomatology, as well as having a significant impact on both individual and family functioning and well-being. There are often complex interacting contributing factors.

Aortoenteric fistula: a rare but critical cause of small bowel bleeding discovered on capsule endoscopy.

A 78-year-old man attended for outpatient capsule endoscopy, to investigate a recent history of unexplained small bowel bleeding. His previous medical history included an abdominal aortic aneurysm repair 6 years ago. Soon after capsule ingestion, he experienced sudden onset abdominal pain and collapsed on hospital grounds.

Mapping the distribution of small bowel angioectasias.

Angioectasias are a prominent cause of small bowel (SB) bleeding frequently identified during capsule endoscopy (CE). Subsequent management depends upon grade/severity and location. There is increasing evidence that the location of SB angioectasias is not random.

Lower Limb Metaphyseal Bone Is Lost in Men with Coeliac Disease and Does Not Relate to Parathyroid Status.

Aims. To investigate regional lower limb bone density and associations with weight, PTH, and bone breakdown in coeliac men. Methods.

Doing more for mental health.

Mental health is an integral part of all child health, and therefore, a vital part of paediatric practice, for which paediatricians often feel ill-prepared and unsupported. This article aims to outline some of the arguments for the importance of mental health and offers outline suggestions for improvements to everyday paediatric practice.

Health-related quality of life in women referred for bone density assessment: relationships with bone mineral density, fracture and co-morbidity.

Purpose: To identify variables that might influence health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with and without a history of fracture, attending bone mineral density (BMD) assessment prior to diagnosis of osteoporosis.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 312 newly referred postmenopausal women attending for a DXA scan, without a diagnosis of osteoporosis. Data were obtained from the medical history and the General Practitioner's letter.

Application of sub-regional analysis to bone mineral density of the lower limb from whole body DXA scans.

Bone mineral density at spine and hip is widely used to diagnose osteoporosis. Certain conditions cause changes in bone density at other sites, particularly in the lower limb, with fractures occurring in non-classical locations. Bone density changes at these sites would be of interest for diagnosis and treatment.