Parathyroidectomy and survival in a cohort of Italian dialysis patients: results of a multicenter, observational, prospective study.

Background: Severe secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is associated with mortality in end stage kidney disease (ESKD). Parathyroidectomy (PTX) becomes necessary when medical therapy fails, thus highlighting the interest to compare biochemical and clinical outcomes of patients receiving either medical treatment or surgery.

Methods: We aimed to compare overall survival and biochemical control of hemodialysis patients with severe hyperparathyroidism, treated by surgery or medical therapy followed-up for 36 months.

[Denosumab and fracture risk in kidney transplant].

Kidney transplant patients bear a higher risk of bone disease. The monoclonal antibody Denosumab (Den), by binding RANKL, reduces osteoclastic activity and increases mineral density (BMD), thus limiting the risk of bone fractures. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of Den in kidney transplant patients who developed bone fractures.

Viabahn stent for hemodialysis shunt: efficacy, long segment recanalization and prognostic factors for reintervention.

Introduction: The study evaluated the Heparin Bioactive Surface (HBS) Viabahn Stent (W.L. Gore & Associates, Flagstaff, Arizona) efficacy in the maintenance or re-establishment of hemodialysis.

Pemetrexed-induced acute kidney failure following irreversible renal damage: two case reports and literature review.

Background: Pemetrexed (PEM) is a new-generation multitargeted antifolate agent with a demonstrated broad-spectrum activity in several types of human cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and mesothelioma. Major side effects include dose-limiting hematologic toxicities. PEM nephrotoxicity is well known; however, its frequency is considered to be low.

De novo post-transplant thrombotic microangiopathy localized only to the graft in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease with thrombophilia.

Introduction: Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a serious complication of renal transplantation and is mostly related to the prothrombotic effect of calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs). A subset of TMA (29%-38%) is localized only to the graft. Case 1: A young woman suffering from autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) underwent kidney transplant.

Clinical usefulness of autoantibodies to M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) for monitoring disease activity in idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN).

Autoantibodies to M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) are specific markers of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN). They can differentiate IMN from other glomerular diseases and primary from secondary forms of MN. Preliminary data suggest that anti-PLA2R antibody titer correlates with disease activity but more solid evidence is needed.

Post-infectious glomerulonephritis presenting as acute renal failure in a patient with Lyme disease.

Introduction: We report a case of a patient with acute renal failure in Lyme disease-associated focal proliferative mesangial nephropathy. Lyme disease is a vector-borne disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, transmitted by the bite of an infected ixodes tick. Post-infectious glomerulonephritis (GN)secondary to Borrelia burgdorferi infection in man could be fatal, as it is in canine Lyme borreliosis.

The first case of IgG4-related disease in Italy.

Background: Recently, Mikulicz's disease has been defined as an IgG-4 related disease, a systemic condition, where the hallmark pathology findings are lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates, immunoglobulin (Ig)G4-positive plasma cells, modest tissue eosinophilia, and intense fibrosis.

Case: We present a case of 63-year-old man who showed epigastralgia and elevated serum lipase levels. Computed tomography of the abdomen revealed a bulky mass of the pancreas, so he underwent bilious-digestive anastomosis, and biopsy of the pancreas revealed massive infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells.

Effects of ACE inhibitors on long-term outcome of renal transplant recipients: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Available data on the role of renin-angiotensin system blockade in renal transplantation are inconclusive. Herein, we report the long-term results of a randomized controlled trial planned to evaluate the impact of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-i) on the cardiovascular outcome of renal transplant recipients (RTRs) receiving calcineurin inhibitors, steroids, and mycophenolate mofetil.

Methods: Thirty-six RTRs were allocated to receive ACE-i and 34 served as controls.

[Hypocomplementemic tubulointerstitial nephritis in IgG4-related disease].

A novel lymphoproliferative disorder producing plasma cell expansion in the affected organ with fibrotic or sclerosing changes, known as ''IgG4-related disease'', was defined in Japan by Umehara's group in 2010. We present the first case reported in Italy. In 2007, a 63-year-old man presented with epigastric pain and elevated serum lipase levels.

Kidney graft loss associated with JC polyomavirus nephropathy.

This is the first case of documented treatment failure of JCV nephritis, despite a reduction of immunosuppressive agents and the use of antiviral therapy. We consistently detected high levels of JCV viremia, which correlated with the progressive deterioration of the graft and caused the final loss of the kidney, suggesting that JCV plays an etiological role in the onset of severe nephropathy in kidney transplant patients.

ACE inhibitors and persistent left ventricular hypertrophy after renal transplantation: a randomized clinical trial.

Background: Interventional studies of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in renal transplant recipients are scarce and to date evaluated only patients immediately after renal transplantation.

Study Design: Randomized controlled trial that assessed the effectiveness of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in regressing persistent LVH after successful transplantation.

Setting & Participants: 70 renal transplant recipients (47 men; age, 30 to 68 years) without diabetes previously randomly assigned to either cyclosporine or tacrolimus therapy, with LVH persisting 3 to 6 months after transplantation.

Relationship between arterial hypertension and renal damage in chronic kidney disease: insights from ABPM.

Background: To date, few studies have used ambulatory pressure monitoring (ABPM) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) before the start of dialysis treatment. The aim of this study was therefore to ascertain the correlates of arterial hypertension assessed by ABPM in CKD patients at their first referral to a nephrologist.

Methods: We studied 244 (164 men; mean age 63 years) nondiabetic patients with CKD.

Bone disease in long-term renal transplant recipients with severe osteopenia: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Fracture is a disabling clinical outcome after transplantation, but there is little histopathological information on long-term renal recipients with severe osteopenia.

Methods: Twenty kidney recipients (8.3+/-1.

Kidney transplantation from anti-HBc+ donors: results from a retrospective Italian study.

Background: The risk of transmitting a hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection from donor kidneys with a past HBV serological profile may be negligible. Data on HBV transmission to kidney transplant recipients from donor organs that were anti-HBc/HBsAg in Italy has not been previously reported. Anti-HBc testing in cadaver organ donors has been mandatory in Italy since 2002, when anti-HBc determinations were included in the National Guidelines for donor evaluation.

Left ventricular hypertrophy in nondiabetic predialysis CKD.

Background: Although left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a strong predictor of mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease, few studies are available before the start of dialysis treatment. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prevalence and clinical correlates of LVH in nondiabetic patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) not yet undergoing renal replacement therapy.

Methods: We investigated 244 nondiabetic patients with CKD; 57 patients (42 men; age, 20 to 78 years) had stages 1 to 2 CKD and 187 patients (122 men; age, 18 to 77 years) had stages 3 to 5 CKD.

Reducing transplant-related mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Background And Objectives: Transplant-related mortality (TRM) following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been reported to be related to disease stage, duratiion of disease and type of donor. Furthermore, the outcome of transplants performed in the 1990s appears to be better than that of transplants done in the previous decade. The aims of this study were to determine whether these relationships still hold and whether the outcome of transplants is continuing to improve.

Cytokine mRNA expression in chronically rejected human renal allografts.

Although both immunologic and non-immunologic components may cause kidney allograft chronic rejection (KGCR), also referred to as chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN), its pathogenesis is largely not yet understood. To explore relevant immunologic mechanisms occurring in KGCR, we have analyzed in surgically removed KG the transcription of the following cytokine and apoptotic molecule genes: interleukin (IL)-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, IFN-gamma, FAS, and FAS-L. Semiquantitative RT-PCR was used and KG explants were obtained from two groups of transplanted patients.