Association between hyperkalemia, RAASi non-adherence and outcomes in chronic kidney disease.

Background: Hyperkalemia is relatively frequent in CKD patients treated with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system inhibitors (RAASi).

Aim: The aim of the present study was to estimate the increased risk of cardiovascular events and mortality due to sub-optimal adherence to RAASi in CKD patients with hyperkalemia.

Methods: An observational retrospective cohort study was conducted, based on administrative and laboratory databases of five Local Health Units.

Evidence of Antibiotic Resistance from Population-Based Studies: A Narrative Review.

The 20th century witnessed the dawn of the antibiotic revolution and is now facing the rising phenomenon of antibiotic resistance. In this narrative review, we aim to describe antibiotic resistance in clinical practice settings through population-based studies from different countries reporting the role of misuse of antibiotics in the development of resistance and the clinical and economic burden associated. The misuse of antibiotics was documented in the wide population as well as in hospitals and care facilities.

[Effect of hyperkalemia and RAASi nonadherence on patients affected by heart failure or chronic kidney disease].

The presence of hyperkalemia (HK) in patients with heart failure (HF)or chronic kidney disease (CKD) increases the risk of death. The aims of the present study have been: i) to evaluate if the risk of cardiovascular (CV) events and mortality increases in two cohorts of patients with heart failure (HF) or chronic kidney disease (CKD) affected by hyperkalemia (HK) and treated with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASi). We have also evaluated the risk of dialysis among CKD patients; ii) to provide an estimate of the increased risk of CV events and mortality caused among HK patients by a non-optimal adherence to RAASi therapy in both HF and CKD cohorts.

Patient characteristics and bleeding events in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients treated with apixaban or vitamin K antagonists: real-world evidence from Italian administrative databases.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the risk of major bleeding among two cohorts of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients newly initiating a vitamin K antagonist (VKA) or apixaban in a real-world setting in Italy.

Patients & Methods: A retrospective study using a large administrative database of Italian local health units was performed, using data from ten local health units and patients were included from the date of new initiation of apixaban or VKAs from January 2012 to June 2015.

Results: Risk of major bleeding was calculated using an adjusted Cox regression model.