Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury causes optic nerve and retinal damage in a mouse model.

There is increasing evidence that long-lasting morphologic and functional consequences can be present in the human visual system after repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (r-mTBI). The exact location and extent of the damage in this condition are not well understood. Using a recently developed mouse model of r-mTBI, we assessed the effects on the retina and optic nerve using histology and immunohistochemistry, electroretinography (ERG), and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) at 10 and 13 weeks after injury.