Monovision versus multifocality for presbyopia during primary phacoemulsification: systematic review and network meta-analysis.

This systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) focuses on comparing monovision and bilateral multifocal lenses (bMFIOL) implantation methods in treating presbyopia, a common age-related condition often seen in post-cataract surgery patients. This review focuses on evaluating the efficacy, user satisfaction and limitations of these two approaches through direct or indirect comparison. A comprehensive search was conducted in Medline, Embase, and Cochrane library, considering studies up to 15 July 2022, with direct or indirect comparisons between any monovision and bMFIOL implantation with bilateral cataract surgery.

Ocular image-based deep learning for predicting refractive error: A systematic review.

Background: Uncorrected refractive error is a major cause of vision impairment worldwide and its increasing prevalent necessitates effective screening and management strategies. Meanwhile, deep learning, a subset of Artificial Intelligence, has significantly advanced ophthalmological diagnostics by automating tasks that required extensive clinical expertise. Although recent studies have investigated the use of deep learning models for refractive power detection through various imaging techniques, a comprehensive systematic review on this topic is has yet be done.

A survey exploring ophthalmologists' attitudes and beliefs in performing immediate sequential bilateral cataract surgery in Singapore.

Background: To evaluate current practice patterns of Immediate Sequential Bilateral Cataract Surgery (ISBCS) by ophthalmologists in Singapore and assess their attitudes towards performing ISBCS in future cataract care.

Methods: An anonymised electronic survey, modified to local context from a similar study conducted in the United Kingdom, was distributed to members of the College of Ophthalmologists, Academy of Medicine, Singapore, from 20 June to 1 September 2023. An initial screening question on prior experience with ISBCS directed the rest of the survey.

Volumetric computed tomography measurements as predictors for outcomes in a cohort of Fournier's gangrene patients.

Purpose: This study evaluates the prognostic value of CT findings, including volumetric measurements, in predicting outcomes for patients with Fournier gangrene (FG), focusing on mortality, ICU admission, hospital stay length, and healthcare costs.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 38 FG patients who underwent CT scans before surgical debridement. We analyzed demographic data, CT volumetric measurements, and clinical outcomes using logistic and linear regression models.

Femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery for complex cataracts - A review.

Since its inception in 2009, femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) has become an alternative to conventional phacoemulsification cataract surgery (CPCS). Clinical studies were unable to demonstrate superior visual outcomes, but revealed reduced endothelial cell loss. More recently, the cost-effectiveness of FLACS over CPCS in routine cataract surgeries has been challenged.

Association between sleep and myopia in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: There is a scarcity of literature focusing on sleep's impact on myopia in children despite an epidemic rise of myopia among the age group and the importance of early prevention. As such, this systematic review-meta-analysis aims to evaluate the association between various aspects of sleep and myopia in children and adolescents aged 0-19 years.

Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library on 08/12/2022 for studies reporting sleep in relation to myopia among children and adolescents.

Popular large language model chatbots' accuracy, comprehensiveness, and self-awareness in answering ocular symptom queries.

In light of growing interest in using emerging large language models (LLMs) for self-diagnosis, we systematically assessed the performance of ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4.0, and Google Bard in delivering proficient responses to 37 common inquiries regarding ocular symptoms.

Computed Tomography Attenuation of Three-Dimensional (3D) Printing Materials-Depository to Aid in Constructing 3D-Printed Phantoms.

Three-dimensionally printed phantoms are increasingly used in medical imaging and research due to their cost-effectiveness and customizability, offering valuable alternatives to commercial phantoms. The purpose of this study was to assess the computed tomography (CT) attenuation characteristics of 27 resin materials from Formlabs, a 3D printing equipment and materials manufacturer. Cube phantoms (both solid and hollow constructions) produced with each resin were subjected to CT scanning under varying tube current-time products with attenuation measurements recorded in Hounsfield units (HU).

Preoperative computed tomography in Fournier's gangrene does not delay time to surgery.

Purpose: Fournier's gangrene (FG), a rapidly progressive necrotizing soft tissue infection of the external genitalia and perineum, necessitates urgent surgical debridement. The time to surgery effect of preoperative computed tomography (CT) in managing this condition is yet to be fully explored. The purpose of this study was to assess whether obtaining a preoperative CT in patients with FG impacts the time to surgical intervention.

Axial length elongation profiles from 3 to 6 years in an Asian paediatric population: the Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes birth cohort study (GUSTO).

Aims: To determine axial length (AL) elongation profiles in children aged 3-6 years in an Asian population.

Methods: Eligible subjects were recruited from the Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes birth cohort. AL measurement was performed using IOLMaster (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany) at 3 and 6 years.

Benchmarking large language models' performances for myopia care: a comparative analysis of ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4.0, and Google Bard.

Background: Large language models (LLMs) are garnering wide interest due to their human-like and contextually relevant responses. However, LLMs' accuracy across specific medical domains has yet been thoroughly evaluated. Myopia is a frequent topic which patients and parents commonly seek information online.

Analysis of Superficial Subcutaneous Fat Camper's and Scarpa's Fascia in a United States Cohort.

Together, the Camper's and Scarpa's fasciae form the superficial fat layer of the abdominal wall. Though they have clinical and surgical relevance, little is known about their role in body composition across diverse patient populations. This study aimed to determine the relationship between patient characteristics, including sex and body mass index, and the distribution of Camper's and Scarpa's fascial layers in the abdominal wall.

A data-driven approach to evaluate factors affecting resident performance in cataract surgery.

Purpose: To evaluate the operative duration and clinical performance of ophthalmology residents performing standard phacoemulsification cataract surgeries using information available from electronic health records (EHR).

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study. De-identified surgical records of all standard phacoemulsifications performed in a tertiary institution between 1st January 2015 and 8th August 2018 were retrieved from the hospital EHR.

Teleophthalmology and its evolving role in a COVID-19 pandemic: A scoping review.

Introduction: Teleophthalmology may assist the healthcare sector in adapting to limitations imposed on clinical practice by a viral pandemic. A scoping review is performed in this study to assess the current applications of teleophthalmology for its suitability to diagnose, monitor or manage ophthalmological conditions with accuracy.

Methods: A search of PubMed was conducted for teleophthalmology-related articles published from 1 January 2018 to 4 May 2020.

Phacoemulsification vs phacoemulsification with micro-bypass stent implantation in primary angle closure and primary angle closure glaucoma: A randomized single-masked clinical study.

Importance: Primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) is a major cause of irreversible visual impairment in Asia, but there is no published data on the effect of iStent on these patients.

Background: To compare the efficacy and safety of combined phacoemulsification and iStent implantation with standard phacoemulsification in an Asian population.

Design: A prospective, single-masked, randomized study in a public tertiary eye clinic.

Discontinuous rate-stiffening in a granular composite modeled after cornstarch and water.

Cornstarch in water exhibits impact-activated solidification (IAS) and strong discontinuous shear thickening, with "shear jamming". However, these phenomena are absent in cornstarch in ethanol. Here we show that cornstarch granules swell under ambient conditions.

Potent Antineoplastic Effects of Combined PI3Kα-MNK Inhibition in Medulloblastoma.

Medulloblastoma is a highly malignant pediatric brain tumor associated with poor outcome. Developing treatments that target the cancer stem cell (CSC) population in medulloblastoma are important to prevent tumor relapse and induce long-lasting clinical responses. We utilized medulloblastoma neurospheres that display CSC characteristics and found activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway in sphere-forming cells.

Peripheral retinal changes in highly myopic young Asian eyes.

Purpose: To determine the type and prevalence of peripheral retinal changes and its relationship with axial length (AL) in a population of young Asian adult males.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of male subjects aged between 19 and 25 years old. High myopes [spherical equivalent refraction, (SER) < -6.