Effect of epidural spinal cord stimulation after chronic spinal cord injury on volitional movement and cardiovascular function: study protocol for the phase II open label controlled E-STAND trial.

Introduction: Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to significant changes in morbidity, mortality and quality of life (QOL). Currently, there are no effective therapies to restore function after chronic SCI. Preliminary studies have indicated that epidural spinal cord stimulation (eSCS) is a promising therapy to improve motor control and autonomic function for patients with chronic SCI.