HSP70-mediated mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy represent a novel vulnerability in pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the most prevalent type of pancreatic cancer, is one of the deadliest forms of cancer with limited therapy options. Overexpression of the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is a hallmark of cancer that is strongly associated with aggressive disease and worse clinical outcomes. However, the underlying mechanisms by which HSP70 allows tumor cells to thrive under conditions of continuous stress have not been fully described.

Curative Resection of T1a Inlet Patch Adenocarcinoma With Traction-Assisted Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection.

Esophageal inlet patch (EIP) adenocarcinoma is extremely rare. We present a case of a 58-year-old man who underwent a diagnostic esophagogastroduodenoscopy for dysphagia and found to have a 2 cm polypoid mass arising from an EIP. Biopsies and staging were consistent with T1aN0M0 EIP adenocarcinoma.

The African-centric P47S Variant of Confers Immune Dysregulation and Impaired Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibition.

Unlabelled: The tumor suppressor is the most frequently mutated gene in cancer and is mutationally inactivated in 50% of sporadic tumors. Inactivating mutations in also occur in Li Fraumeni syndrome (LFS). In addition to germline mutations in in LFS that completely inactivate this protein, there are many more germline mutant forms of in human populations that partially inactivate this protein: we call these partially inactivating mutations "hypomorphs.

An African-Specific Variant of TP53 Reveals PADI4 as a Regulator of p53-Mediated Tumor Suppression.

Unlabelled: TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene in cancer, yet key target genes for p53-mediated tumor suppression remain unidentified. Here, we characterize a rare, African-specific germline variant of TP53 in the DNA-binding domain Tyr107His (Y107H). Nuclear magnetic resonance and crystal structures reveal that Y107H is structurally similar to wild-type p53.

Diversity, equity, and inclusion in the melanoma research community.

The inaugural Diversity and Inclusion in Science Session was held during the 2021 Society for Melanoma Research (SMR) congress. The goal of the session was to discuss diversity, equity, and inclusion in the melanoma research community and strategies to promote the advancement of underrepresented melanoma researchers. An international survey was conducted to assess the diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) climate among researchers and clinicians within the Society for Melanoma Research (SMR).

Convalescent Plasma for Preventing Critical Illness in COVID-19: a Phase 2 Trial and Immune Profile.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an unprecedented event requiring frequent adaptation to changing clinical circumstances. Convalescent immune plasma (CIP) is a promising treatment that can be mobilized rapidly in a pandemic setting. We tested whether administration of SARS-CoV-2 CIP at hospital admission could reduce the rate of ICU transfer or 28-day mortality or alter levels of specific antibody responses before and after CIP infusion.

SMOKING, RURAL RESIDENCE AND DIABETES AS RISK FACTORS FOR PRESUMED OCULAR HISTOPLASMOSIS SYNDROME.

Purpose: To investigate the relationship of smoking, urbanicity, and diabetes to presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome (POHS) and associated choroidal neovascularization (CNV).

Methods: Medical records of 751 adult patients with POHS were reviewed, including 603 patients without CNV and 148 patients with CNV. Age-matched and gender-matched controls were randomly selected from the same practice for comparison.

The continual impact of the Paris System on urine cytology, a 3-year experience.

Objective: The development of the Paris System (TPS) has provided a standard and reproducible system for reporting urine cytopathology. Our goal was to study the impact of TPS on the diagnostic accuracy of urine cytology since we began using it in 2016.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study of all urine cytology specimens received at our institution from January 2015 through July 2017.

Procurement, Transportation, and Storage of Saliva, Buccal Swab, and Oral Wash Specimens.

Saliva and oral/buccal samples have become increasingly valuable sources of genetic material for clinical applications. The DNA obtained by these samples is of comparable quality to that from blood samples. This, coupled with the ease of collecting saliva and oral/buccal samples, has led to increased numbers of such samples being incorporated into biobanks.

Comparison of Cytopathologist-Performed Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration With Cytopathologist-Performed Palpation-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration: A Single Institutional Experience.

Context.—: Although fine-needle aspiration (FNA) practice by pathologists is now well established, it has been primarily performed by manual palpation. In recent years, pathologists have begun to venture into ultrasound-guided FNAs (UGFNAs).

Pathological and 3 Tesla Volumetric Magnetic Resonance Imaging Predictors of Biochemical Recurrence after Robotic Assisted Radical Prostatectomy: Correlation with Whole Mount Histopathology.

Purpose: We sought to identify the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging variables predictive of biochemical recurrence after robotic assisted radical prostatectomy in patients who underwent multiparametric 3 Tesla prostate magnetic resonance imaging.

Materials And Methods: We performed an institutional review board approved, HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) compliant, single arm observational study of 3 Tesla multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging prior to robotic assisted radical prostatectomy from December 2009 to March 2016. Clinical, magnetic resonance imaging and pathological information, and clinical outcomes were compiled.

Do Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Tumors of the Testis With Lymphovascular Invasion of the Spermatic Cord Merit Staging as pT3?

The staging of testicular nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCTs) with lymphovascular invasion (LVI) of the spermatic cord in the absence of cord parenchymal involvement remains controversial. Our previous study showed that tumors with spermatic cord LVI present at a higher clinical stage than tumors with LVI confined to the testis (pT2). We compared NSGCTs with LVI of the spermatic cord without direct involvement of the spermatic cord soft tissues to pT3 tumors to help clarify the appropriate staging of this histologic finding.

The Significance of Lymphovascular Invasion of the Spermatic Cord in the Absence of Cord Soft Tissue Invasion.

Context: - Testicular germ cell tumors with lymphovascular invasion (LVI) are staged pT2, and those with spermatic cord involvement are staged pT3.

Objective: - To study the clinical significance of LVI within the spermatic cord without direct involvement of the cord soft tissues.

Design: - A retrospective, multi-institutional review was performed on testicular GCTs with spermatic cord LVI in the absence of cord soft tissue invasion.

In-Bore 3-T MR-guided Transrectal Targeted Prostate Biopsy: Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System Version 2-based Diagnostic Performance for Detection of Prostate Cancer.

Purpose To determine the diagnostic yield of in-bore 3-T magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-guided prostate biopsy and stratify performance according to Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) versions 1 and 2. Materials and Methods This study was HIPAA compliant and institution review board approved. In-bore 3-T MR-guided prostate biopsy was performed in 134 targets in 106 men who (a) had not previously undergone prostate biopsy, (b) had prior negative biopsy findings with increased prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, or (c) had a prior history of prostate cancer with increasing PSA level.

Adult Patient with Synchronous Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor and Xp11 Translocation-Associated Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Unique Case Presentation with Discussion and Review of Literature.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common primary mesenchymal tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. This entity comprises a wide spectrum of tumors that vary from benign to overtly malignant, with the majority of these tumors harboring oncogenic mutations of the KIT receptor tyrosine kinase that can aid in diagnosis as well as in targeted therapy. Although the majority of GISTs are sporadic, there are forms that are associated with a variety of syndromes including Carney-Stratakis syndrome and neurofibromatosis type 1, as well as a subset of familial GIST syndromes that are caused by germline mutations in KIT or PDGFRA.

Characteristics of Detected and Missed Prostate Cancer Foci on 3-T Multiparametric MRI Using an Endorectal Coil Correlated With Whole-Mount Thin-Section Histopathology.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the characteristics of prostate cancer foci missed on 3-T multiparametric MRI performed with an endorectal coil.

Materials And Methods: The MRI examinations of 122 patients who underwent 3-T multiparametric MRI of the prostate with an endorectal coil were compared with whole-mount histopathology obtained after radical prostatectomy. The mean age of the patients was 60.

Multifocality and prostate cancer detection by multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging: correlation with whole-mount histopathology.

Background: Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) is increasingly used in prostate cancer (CaP). Understanding the limitations of tumor detection, particularly in multifocal disease, is important in its clinical application.

Objective: To determine predictors of CaP detection by mp-MRI as confirmed by whole-mount histopathology.

Magnetic resonance imaging-ultrasound fusion biopsy for prediction of final prostate pathology.

Purpose: We explored the impact of magnetic resonance imaging-ultrasound fusion prostate biopsy on the prediction of final surgical pathology.

Materials And Methods: A total of 54 consecutive men undergoing radical prostatectomy at UCLA after fusion biopsy were included in this prospective, institutional review board approved pilot study. Using magnetic resonance imaging-ultrasound fusion, tissue was obtained from a 12-point systematic grid (mapping biopsy) and from regions of interest detected by multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (targeted biopsy).

Effect of ischemic time, fixation time, and fixative type on HER2/neu immunohistochemical and fluorescence in situ hybridization results in breast cancer.

Accurate determination of HER2/neu status in breast carcinoma is essential. Alteration of preanalytic variables is known to affect HER2/neu results. American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) and the College of American Pathologists (CAP) issued guidelines to standardize fixation for increased HER2/neu accuracy.