Deciphering Colorectal Cancer-Hepatocyte Interactions: A Multiomics Platform for Interrogation of Metabolic Crosstalk in the Liver-Tumor Microenvironment.

Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer, enabling tumor cells to adapt to and exploit their microenvironment for sustained growth. The liver is a common site of metastasis, but the interactions between tumor cells and hepatocytes remain poorly understood. In the context of liver metastasis, these interactions play a crucial role in promoting tumor survival and progression.

LMP-GAN: Out-Of-Distribution Detection For Non-Control Data Malware Attacks.

Anomaly detection is a common application of machine learning. Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection in particular is a semi-supervised anomaly detection technique where the detection method is trained only on the inlier (in-distribution) samples-unlike the fully supervised variant, the distribution of the outlier samples are never explicitly modeled in OOD detection tasks. In this work, we design a novel GAN-based OOD detection network specifically designed to protect a cyber-physical signal systems from novel Trojan malware called non-control data (NCD) attack that evades conventional malware detection techniques.

Controllable intein splicing and N-terminal cleavage at mesophilic temperatures.

Inteins (intervening proteins) interrupt host proteins and are removed through a protein splicing reaction that ligates adjacent N- and C-exteins. The ability of inteins to specifically rearrange peptide bonds has proven exceptionally useful in protein engineering, thus, methods to control intein activity are of considerable interest. One particularly useful application of inteins is for the removal of an affinity tag following purification of a target protein through N-terminal cleavage (NTC).

Repression of CADM1 transcription by HPV type 18 is mediated by three-dimensional rearrangement of promoter-enhancer interactions.

Upon infection, human papillomavirus (HPV) manipulates host cell gene expression to create an environment that is supportive of a productive and persistent infection. The virus-induced changes to the host cell's transcriptome are thought to contribute to carcinogenesis. Here, we show by RNA-sequencing that oncogenic HPV18 episome replication in primary human foreskin keratinocytes (HFKs) drives host transcriptional changes that are consistent between multiple HFK donors.

Novel Real-Time Fluoroscopic Assessment Method of THV Expansion Following Balloon-Expandable TAVR.

Background: Transcatheter heart valve (THV) underexpansion after transcatheter aortic valve replacement may be associated with worse outcomes. THV expansion can be assessed fluoroscopically using a pigtail for calibration; however, the accuracy of this technique specific to transcatheter aortic valve replacement is unknown. We assessed the accuracy and reproducibility of a novel fluoroscopic method to assess THV expansion using the THV commissural post for calibration.

Metagenomics: a new frontier for routine pathology testing of gastrointestinal pathogens.

Background: Accurate and comprehensive identification of enteropathogens, causing infectious gastroenteritis, is essential for optimal patient treatment and effective isolation processes in health care systems. Traditional diagnostic techniques are well established and optimised in low-cost formats. However, thorough testing for a wider range of causal agents is time consuming and remains limited to a subset of pathogenic organisms.

Clinicians' perspectives on the use of artificial intelligence to triage MRI brain scans.

Artificial intelligence (AI) tools can triage radiology scans to streamline the patient pathway and also relieve clinician workload. Validated AI tools can mitigate the delays in reporting scans by flagging time-sensitive and actionable findings. In this study, we aim to investigate current stakeholder perspectives and identify obstacles to integrating AI in clinical pathways.

Impact of Sheath Type on Vascular and Bleeding Complications After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: A Post Hoc Analysis From the MARVEL Registry Study.

Background: Vascular and bleeding complications remain a concern after transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). The impact of the sheath type on these complications remains unclear.

Methods: The prospective MARVEL registry study analyzed enrolled 500 patients undergoing large-bore transfemoral procedures and arteriotomy closure with the MANTA vascular closure device from 10 hospitals in Europe and Canada.

Implementation of the cardiovascular prevention guidelines in clinical practice. Results from the POLASPIRE II survey.

Background: There is limited knowledge about the current guidelines implementation in the every-day clinical practice.

Aims: To describe risk factors management in patients with coronary artery disease through lifestyle modifications and the use of drug therapies in order to provide an objective assessment of the implementation of the current guidelines on cardiovascular prevention.

Methods: Twelve departments of cardiology in six regions participated in the study (conducted in 2022-2023).

The human zinc-binding cysteine proteome.

Zinc is an essential micronutrient that regulates a wide range of physiological processes, most often through zinc binding to protein cysteine residues. Despite being critical for modulation of protein function, the cysteine sites in the majority of the human proteome that are subject to zinc binding remain undefined. Here, we develop ZnCPT, a deep and quantitative mapping of the zinc-binding cysteine proteome.

Adaptation of a positive youth development program in the community of Guangaje, Cotopaxi, Ecuador.

This study explores the adaptation of a Positive Youth Development (PYD) programme for the Indigenous Quichua community in Guangaje, Ecuador, which faces chronic poverty and low educational attainment. In May, June 2023 we conducted focus groups with school teachers and indigenous community leaders, parents and middle school, high school and college students. We found a disconnect between students' aspirations for higher education and adults' emphasis on practical and vocational training.

Anti-diabetic therapies on dental implant success in diabetes mellitus: a comprehensive review.

Background And Objective: Dental implant therapy faces challenges in patients with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM and T2DM) due to adverse effects on bone metabolism and immune response. Despite advancements, diabetic patients face higher risks of peri-implantitis and compromised osseointegration. This review assesses the impact of anti-diabetic medications on implant outcomes, offering insights to bridge the gap between animal studies and clinical practice.

Deciphering Colorectal Cancer-Hepatocyte Interactions: A Multiomic Platform for Interrogation of Metabolic Crosstalk in the Liver-Tumor Microenvironment.

Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer, enabling tumor cells to adapt to and exploit their microenvironment for sustained growth. The liver is a common site of metastasis, but the interactions between tumor cells and hepatocytes remain poorly understood. In the context of liver metastasis, these interactions play a crucial role in promoting tumor survival and progression.

The influence of access to care on the health literacy of families in Mexico.

Health literacy (HL) is essential to understanding health information and achieving health goals. Unfortunately, limited information is available on how parent HL impact child health outcomes. This is critical to understand in areas of the world where access to healthcare services is limited or unavailable.

Comparison of Laboratory Confirmed Drugs in Acute Recreational Drug Toxicity Presentations to an Urban Hospital in London, UK, 2016/17 versus 2019/20.

Introduction: Novel Psychoactive Substance (NPS) use is increasingly prevalent and is often associated with severe acute recreational drug toxicity (ARDT). 258 UK deaths were attributed to NPS use in 2021. Confirmatory testing which identifies NPS is limited by expense and timeliness.

Computational Analysis of Flow and Transport Suggests Reduced Oxygen Levels Within Intracranial Aneurysms, Especially in Individuals With Sickle-Cell Disease.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic condition characterized by an abundance of sickle hemoglobin in red blood cells. SCD patients are more prone to intracranial aneurysms (ICA) compared to the general population, with distinctive features such as multiple intracranial aneurysms: 66% of SCD patients with ICAs have multiples ICAs, compared to 20% in nonsickle patients. The exact mechanism behind these associations is not fully understood, but there is a hypothesized link between hypoxic conditions in blood vessels and impaired synthesis of extracellular matrix, which may weaken the vessel walls, favoring aneurysm formation and rupture.

Future-Proofing Dentistry: A Qualitative Exploration of COVID-19 Responses in UK Dental Schools.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic had extensive influence on dental education. UK dental schools were compelled to respond with substantial adaptations to clinical training approaches and environments to mitigate educational impact.

Materials And Methods: The Surveying Pandemic Education Response in Higher Education Dental Schools (SPEARHEAD) study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the diverse responses of UK dental schools to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Machine Learning Algorithms to Predict the Risk of Rupture of Intracranial Aneurysms: a Systematic Review.

Purpose: Subarachnoid haemorrhage is a potentially fatal consequence of intracranial aneurysm rupture, however, it is difficult to predict if aneurysms will rupture. Prophylactic treatment of an intracranial aneurysm also involves risk, hence identifying rupture-prone aneurysms is of substantial clinical importance. This systematic review aims to evaluate the performance of machine learning algorithms for predicting intracranial aneurysm rupture risk.

An Optimized Assessment Pathway for Remote Patients: The Vancouver Facilitated Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation Program.

Background: Novel pathways are needed to accommodate the increasing demand for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and ensure equitable access. A single Vancouver Facilitated TAVI program (VFTP) based at St. Paul's and Vancouver General Hospitals was established to streamline the assessment of remote patients with severe aortic stenosis using virtual technologies.