Publications by authors named "David Wood"

Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer, enabling tumor cells to adapt to and exploit their microenvironment for sustained growth. The liver is a common site of metastasis, but the interactions between tumor cells and hepatocytes remain poorly understood. In the context of liver metastasis, these interactions play a crucial role in promoting tumor survival and progression.

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Anomaly detection is a common application of machine learning. Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection in particular is a semi-supervised anomaly detection technique where the detection method is trained only on the inlier (in-distribution) samples-unlike the fully supervised variant, the distribution of the outlier samples are never explicitly modeled in OOD detection tasks. In this work, we design a novel GAN-based OOD detection network specifically designed to protect a cyber-physical signal systems from novel Trojan malware called non-control data (NCD) attack that evades conventional malware detection techniques.

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Inteins (intervening proteins) interrupt host proteins and are removed through a protein splicing reaction that ligates adjacent N- and C-exteins. The ability of inteins to specifically rearrange peptide bonds has proven exceptionally useful in protein engineering, thus, methods to control intein activity are of considerable interest. One particularly useful application of inteins is for the removal of an affinity tag following purification of a target protein through N-terminal cleavage (NTC).

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Upon infection, human papillomavirus (HPV) manipulates host cell gene expression to create an environment that is supportive of a productive and persistent infection. The virus-induced changes to the host cell's transcriptome are thought to contribute to carcinogenesis. Here, we show by RNA-sequencing that oncogenic HPV18 episome replication in primary human foreskin keratinocytes (HFKs) drives host transcriptional changes that are consistent between multiple HFK donors.

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Background: Transcatheter heart valve (THV) underexpansion after transcatheter aortic valve replacement may be associated with worse outcomes. THV expansion can be assessed fluoroscopically using a pigtail for calibration; however, the accuracy of this technique specific to transcatheter aortic valve replacement is unknown. We assessed the accuracy and reproducibility of a novel fluoroscopic method to assess THV expansion using the THV commissural post for calibration.

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Background: Accurate and comprehensive identification of enteropathogens, causing infectious gastroenteritis, is essential for optimal patient treatment and effective isolation processes in health care systems. Traditional diagnostic techniques are well established and optimised in low-cost formats. However, thorough testing for a wider range of causal agents is time consuming and remains limited to a subset of pathogenic organisms.

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Artificial intelligence (AI) tools can triage radiology scans to streamline the patient pathway and also relieve clinician workload. Validated AI tools can mitigate the delays in reporting scans by flagging time-sensitive and actionable findings. In this study, we aim to investigate current stakeholder perspectives and identify obstacles to integrating AI in clinical pathways.

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Background: Vascular and bleeding complications remain a concern after transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). The impact of the sheath type on these complications remains unclear.

Methods: The prospective MARVEL registry study analyzed enrolled 500 patients undergoing large-bore transfemoral procedures and arteriotomy closure with the MANTA vascular closure device from 10 hospitals in Europe and Canada.

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Background: There is limited knowledge about the current guidelines implementation in the every-day clinical practice.

Aims: To describe risk factors management in patients with coronary artery disease through lifestyle modifications and the use of drug therapies in order to provide an objective assessment of the implementation of the current guidelines on cardiovascular prevention.

Methods: Twelve departments of cardiology in six regions participated in the study (conducted in 2022-2023).

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Zinc is an essential micronutrient that regulates a wide range of physiological processes, most often through zinc binding to protein cysteine residues. Despite being critical for modulation of protein function, the cysteine sites in the majority of the human proteome that are subject to zinc binding remain undefined. Here, we develop ZnCPT, a deep and quantitative mapping of the zinc-binding cysteine proteome.

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This study explores the adaptation of a Positive Youth Development (PYD) programme for the Indigenous Quichua community in Guangaje, Ecuador, which faces chronic poverty and low educational attainment. In May, June 2023 we conducted focus groups with school teachers and indigenous community leaders, parents and middle school, high school and college students. We found a disconnect between students' aspirations for higher education and adults' emphasis on practical and vocational training.

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Background And Objective: Dental implant therapy faces challenges in patients with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM and T2DM) due to adverse effects on bone metabolism and immune response. Despite advancements, diabetic patients face higher risks of peri-implantitis and compromised osseointegration. This review assesses the impact of anti-diabetic medications on implant outcomes, offering insights to bridge the gap between animal studies and clinical practice.

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Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer, enabling tumor cells to adapt to and exploit their microenvironment for sustained growth. The liver is a common site of metastasis, but the interactions between tumor cells and hepatocytes remain poorly understood. In the context of liver metastasis, these interactions play a crucial role in promoting tumor survival and progression.

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Health literacy (HL) is essential to understanding health information and achieving health goals. Unfortunately, limited information is available on how parent HL impact child health outcomes. This is critical to understand in areas of the world where access to healthcare services is limited or unavailable.

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Introduction: Novel Psychoactive Substance (NPS) use is increasingly prevalent and is often associated with severe acute recreational drug toxicity (ARDT). 258 UK deaths were attributed to NPS use in 2021. Confirmatory testing which identifies NPS is limited by expense and timeliness.

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Article Synopsis
  • The COMPLETE trial showed that complete revascularization in STEMI patients with multivessel disease leads to better health outcomes than treating only the culprit lesion.
  • This subanalysis focused on whether having a nonculprit lesion (NCL) in the proximal/mid left anterior descending artery (LAD) affects outcomes compared to NCLs in other locations.
  • Results indicated that while the presence of a proximal/mid-LAD NCL did not significantly alter treatment benefits, complete revascularization consistently reduced major cardiovascular events across both groups.
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Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic condition characterized by an abundance of sickle hemoglobin in red blood cells. SCD patients are more prone to intracranial aneurysms (ICA) compared to the general population, with distinctive features such as multiple intracranial aneurysms: 66% of SCD patients with ICAs have multiples ICAs, compared to 20% in nonsickle patients. The exact mechanism behind these associations is not fully understood, but there is a hypothesized link between hypoxic conditions in blood vessels and impaired synthesis of extracellular matrix, which may weaken the vessel walls, favoring aneurysm formation and rupture.

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  • The audit aimed to assess and improve the completeness and accuracy of the National Joint Registry (NJR) dataset specifically for elbow arthroplasty surgeries.
  • In a two-phase approach, Phase 1 compared NJR data with NHS England Hospital Episode Statistics (HES), identifying thousands of unmatched and inaccurate records, particularly for radial head arthroplasties (RHAs).
  • Phase 2 involved collaboration among 142 NHS hospitals to correct and update records, resulting in an improved completeness of the NJR dataset from 63% to 93% and accuracy from 94% to 98%.
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Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic had extensive influence on dental education. UK dental schools were compelled to respond with substantial adaptations to clinical training approaches and environments to mitigate educational impact.

Materials And Methods: The Surveying Pandemic Education Response in Higher Education Dental Schools (SPEARHEAD) study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the diverse responses of UK dental schools to the COVID-19 pandemic.

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  • Bacteria evolve mechanisms to optimize resource competition and adapt to new environments, specifically focusing on the import of isethionate by the sulfate-reducing bacterium Oleidesulfovibrio alaskensis.
  • This species uses a TRAP transporter (OaIsePQM) to facilitate isethionate import, with OaIseP binding the substrate and delivering it to the transporter for cellular uptake.
  • The study revealed the binding affinity of isethionate to OaIseP, provided structural insights into the protein’s conformation with and without the substrate, and suggests implications for antibiotic development targeting TRAP transporters.
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  • Redo-transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is often needed for failed aortic valves, specifically examining SAPIEN 3 (S3) valves in degenerated CoreValve/Evolut (CV/EV) valves, which is not fully understood.
  • The study assessed the performance of S3 valves following implantation in calcified CV/EV valves through various hydrodynamic tests, measuring factors like mean gradient, effective orifice area, and leaflet behaviors.
  • Results indicated that S3 valves generally performed well, showing decreased mean gradient and acceptable effective orifice area, but issues like underexpansion, leaflet pinwheeling, and calcium protrusion were noted, highlighting the need for further research on long
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Purpose: Subarachnoid haemorrhage is a potentially fatal consequence of intracranial aneurysm rupture, however, it is difficult to predict if aneurysms will rupture. Prophylactic treatment of an intracranial aneurysm also involves risk, hence identifying rupture-prone aneurysms is of substantial clinical importance. This systematic review aims to evaluate the performance of machine learning algorithms for predicting intracranial aneurysm rupture risk.

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Background: Novel pathways are needed to accommodate the increasing demand for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and ensure equitable access. A single Vancouver Facilitated TAVI program (VFTP) based at St. Paul's and Vancouver General Hospitals was established to streamline the assessment of remote patients with severe aortic stenosis using virtual technologies.

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