Multicenter Retrospective Analysis of Pediatric Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma: Treatment Practices and Outcomes Prior to Pediatric American Thyroid Association Guidelines Implementation.

Background: Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) is the most common pediatric thyroid malignancy, with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) representing 90% of the cases. In 2015, the American Thyroid Association (ATA) developed management guidelines for pediatric DTC.

Procedure: Patients less than 21 years of age diagnosed with DTC between 2000 and 2015 at Texas Children's Hospital, Seattle Children's Hospital, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Children's Hospital Colorado, and Nationwide Children's Hospital were retrospectively analyzed to evaluate treatment practices before the implementation of the ATA guidelines.

Gender Affirming Hormone Replacement for the Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Survivor with Hypogonadism.

Hypogonadism is a known late effect of cancer treatment. Hypogonadism requires replacement of sex steroids to ensure appropriate development of secondary sex characteristics, growth, and other beneficial health effects. We present a cancer survivor with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and gender dysphoria.

Differential trajectories of neurocognitive functioning in females versus males following treatment for pediatric brain tumors.

Background: Female and male trajectories of cerebellar and lobar brain structures are sexually dimorphic, making sex a potential candidate moderator of neurocognitive late effects from radiation treatment. We sought to evaluate longitudinal neurocognitive functioning in male versus female children treated for posterior fossa brain tumors.

Methods: Fifty-one female and 63 male survivors of posterior fossa tumors completed neuropsychological testing at 2 timepoints.

Pediatric Central Diabetes Insipidus: Brain Malformations Are Common and Few Patients Have Idiopathic Disease.

Context: Pediatric cohorts of central diabetes insipidus (CDI) have shown varying prevalences for the different causes of CDI, including idiopathic.

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the causes of CDI at a pediatric tertiary care center and to characterize their clinical outcomes.

Design And Setting: All patients with CDI at Seattle Children's Hospital were identified and retrospectively analyzed.

Semiquantitative analysis of hypothalamic damage on MRI predicts risk for hypothalamic obesity.

Objective: Excessive weight gain frequently occurs in patients with hypothalamic tumors and lesions leading to hypothalamic obesity (HO).

Methods: Digital brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical outcomes were studied retrospectively in a single center, including 45 children with postoperative lesions in the sellar region (41 craniopharyngiomas, 4 with Rathke's cleft cysts), ∼5 years post-surgery, mean age 13.9 years.

Association between glomerular filtration rate, free, total, and percent free prostate-specific antigen.

Objectives: To determine the relationship between glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and free prostate-specific antigen (fPSA), percent-free PSA (%fPSA), and total PSA (tPSA) in patients with diminished kidney function not on dialysis, using nationally representative data.

Methods: A total of 3782 men aged ≥ 40 years who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2006, and who met eligibility criteria for PSA testing were included in the final study population. GFR (mL/min/1.

Learning amid controversy: prostate cancer knowledge and screening practices among US medical students.

Background: No studies have examined medical students' recommendation and use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing and digital rectal exam (DRE) to screen for prostate cancer. We hypothesized that students' race and extent of training on these techniques would be associated with their administration of them.

Methods: We analyzed multiinstitutional longitudinal data from a cohort of 2181 medical students in the class of 2003.

Body composition and serum prostate-specific antigen: review and findings from Flint Men's Health Study.

Recent studies have suggested that obesity is associated with lower serum prostate-specific antigen levels, perhaps influencing the recommendation for prostate biopsy and potentially explaining part of the observed poorer prognosis among obese men. African-American men have the greatest rates of prostate cancer and are more likely to die of the disease, making early detection a priority in this group. We present findings from the Flint Men's Health Study, a study of African-American men, that are consistent with most studies suggesting that overweight men have prostate-specific antigen levels that are 0.

Prostate-specific antigen, sexual behavior, and sexually transmitted infections in US men 40-59 years old, 2001-2004: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are hypothesized to play a role in the development of prostate cancer, perhaps due to inflammation-induced oncogenesis. We assessed in a nationally representative population of middle-aged men whether sexual behavior indicators for an increased risk of genital infection were associated with serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concentration, a marker of prostatic disease and inflammation.

Results: The percentage of men between the ages of 40 and 59 with a PSA > or = 4.

Obesity is negatively associated with prostate-specific antigen in U.S. men, 2001-2004.

Background: Recent studies have shown a negative association between body mass index (BMI) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a commonly used serum marker for the detection and diagnosis of prostate cancer. We have examined the association between several anthropometric measures and PSA in a nationally representative sample of men.

Methods: We analyzed data from the 2001-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Prostate-specific antigen values in diabetic and nondiabetic US men, 2001-2002.

Recent studies have shown that diabetic men have a lower risk of prostate cancer and that this association may be related to time since diagnosis. The authors examined the association between diabetes and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, controlling for potential confounders, in a nationally representative cross-sectional survey of the US population (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2002). Diabetes classification was self-reported, and undiagnosed diabetes was determined with fasting plasma glucose measurements.