Xylazine Use Among People Who Inject Drugs, Philadelphia 2022.

Objectives: Xylazine is commonly mixed with illicit opioids in Philadelphia, and potential associations with wound issues, infectious diseases, and overdoses are of public health concern. We used data from the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance Survey among persons who inject drugs (PWIDs) in Philadelphia to better identify individuals at risk and inform patients and clinicians about xylazine risk factors.

Methods: We compared characteristics of participants who reported using xylazine to those who reported not using xylazine in the past 12 months.

Hunting for the cause: Evidence for prion-like mechanisms in Huntington's disease.

The hypothesis that pathogenic protein aggregates associated with neurodegenerative diseases spread from cell-to-cell in the brain in a manner akin to infectious prions has gained substantial momentum due to an explosion of research in the past 10-15 years. Here, we review current evidence supporting the existence of prion-like mechanisms in Huntington's disease (HD), an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease caused by expansion of a CAG repeat tract in exon 1 of the gene. We summarize information gained from human studies and and models of HD that strongly support prion-like features of the mutant HTT (mHTT) protein, including potential involvement of molecular features of mHTT seeds, synaptic structures and connectivity, endocytic and exocytic mechanisms, tunneling nanotubes, and nonneuronal cells in mHTT propagation in the brain.

Lifetime body mass index and grip strength at age 46 years: the 1970 British Cohort Study.

Background: Ongoing rises in obesity prevalence have prompted growing concerns about potential increases in the burden of age-related musculoskeletal conditions including sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity. This is of particular concern for future generations of older adults who have lived more of their lives in an obesogenic environment than current generations of older adults. We aimed to study longitudinal associations between body mass index (BMI) and grip strength in midlife using data from a large population-based sample, the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70).

Aerobic capacity and skeletal muscle characteristics in glycogen storage disease IIIa: an observational study.

Background: Individuals with glycogen storage disease IIIa (GSD IIIa) (OMIM #232400) experience muscle weakness and exercise limitation that worsen through adulthood. However, normative data for markers of physical capacity, such as strength and cardiovascular fitness, are limited. Furthermore, the impact of the disease on muscle size and quality is unstudied in weight bearing skeletal muscle, a key predictor of physical function.

Rationale and study design of the MINERVA study: Multicentre Investigation of Novel Electrocardiogram Risk markers in Ventricular Arrhythmia prediction-UK multicentre collaboration.

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to assess the ability of two new ECG markers (Regional Repolarisation Instability Index (R2I2) and Peak Electrical Restitution Slope) to predict sudden cardiac death (SCD) or ventricular arrhythmia (VA) events in patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy undergoing implantation of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator for primary prevention indication.

Methods And Analysis: Multicentre Investigation of Novel Electrocardiogram Risk markers in Ventricular Arrhythmia prediction is a prospective, open label, single blinded, multicentre observational study to establish the efficacy of two ECG biomarkers in predicting VA risk. 440 participants with ischaemic cardiomyopathy undergoing routine first time implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) implantation for primary prevention indication are currently being recruited.

Ectopy-triggering ganglionated plexuses ablation to prevent atrial fibrillation: GANGLIA-AF study.

Background: The ganglionated plexuses (GPs) of the intrinsic cardiac autonomic system may play a role in atrial fibrillation (AF).

Objective: We hypothesized that ablating the ectopy-triggering GPs (ET-GPs) prevents AF.

Methods: GANGLIA-AF (ClinicalTrials.

A prolonged hiatus in postmenopausal HRT, does not nullify the therapy's positive impact on ageing related sarcopenia.

Background: Previous work suggest a positive skeletal muscle effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on skeletal muscle characteristics This study aimed to quantify any continued positive effect of HRT even after a sustained hiatus in treatment, controlling for two key muscle modulation hormones: Estradiol (E2) and Tri-iodo-thyronine (T3).

Method And Findings: In 61 untrained women (18-78yrs) stratified as pre-menopausal, post-menopausal without (No_HRT) and post-menopausal with (Used_HRT) HRT history, body composition, physical activity, serum E2 and T3 were assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, Baecke questionnaire and ELISA. Gastrocnemius medialis (GM) and tibialis anterior (TA) electromyographic profiles (mean power frequency (mPowerF)), isometric plantar-flexion (PF) and dorsi-flexion (DF) maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), rate of torque development (RTD), isokinetic MVC and muscle volume, were assessed using surface electromyography, dynamometry and ultrasonography.

The European TeleCheck-AF project on remote app-based management of atrial fibrillation during the COVID-19 pandemic: centre and patient experiences.

Aims: TeleCheck-AF is a multicentre international project initiated to maintain care delivery for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) during COVID-19 through teleconsultations supported by an on-demand photoplethysmography-based heart rate and rhythm monitoring app (FibriCheck®). We describe the characteristics, inclusion rates, and experiences from participating centres according the TeleCheck-AF infrastructure as well as characteristics and experiences from recruited patients.

Methods And Results: Three surveys exploring centre characteristics (n = 25), centre experiences (n = 23), and patient experiences (n = 826) were completed.

Identification of deliberate catheter motion at the left atrial posterior wall during pulmonary vein isolation: Validity of respiratory motion adjustment.

Background: During automated radiofrequency (RF) annotation-guided pulmonary vein isolation (PVI), respiratory motion adjustment (RMA) is recommended, yet lacks in vivo validation.

Methods: Following contact force (CF) PVI (continuous RF, 30 W) using general anesthesia and automated RF annotation-guidance (VISITAG™: force-over-time 100% minimum 1 g; 2 mm position stability; ACCURESP™ RMA "off") in 25 patients, we retrospectively examined RMA settings "on" versus "off" at the left atrial posterior wall (LAPW).

Results: Respiratory motion detection occurred in eight, permitting offline retrospective comparison of RMA settings.

The combined effects of obesity and ageing on skeletal muscle function and tendon properties in vivo in men.

Purpose: We investigated the combined impact of ageing and obesity on Achilles tendon (AT) properties in vivo in men, utilizing three classification methods of obesity.

Method: Forty healthy, untrained men were categorised by age (young (18-49 years); older (50-80 years)), body mass index (BMI; normal weight (≥18.5-<25); overweight (≥25-<30); obese (≥30)), body fat% (normal adipose (<28%); high adiposity (≥28%)) and fat mass index (FMI; normal (3-6); excess fat (>6-9); high fat (>9).

The validity and reliability of the Achilles tendon moment arm assessed with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, relative to MRI and ultrasound assessments.

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in single energy mode has been shown to permit the visualisation of bone and soft tissue, such as the patellar tendon through two-dimensional sagittal imaging. However, there is no validated DXA-based measurement of the Achilles tendon moment arm (d). The aims of this study were: 1) to compare in vivo DXA derived measurements of the d at rest against two previously validated methods: tendon excursion (TE) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at three ankle angles (-5°, 0° and +10°).

The Effects of Displacing Sedentary Behavior With Two Distinct Patterns of Light Activity on Health Outcomes in Older Adults (Implications for COVID-19 Quarantine).

The COVID-19 pandemic is limiting outdoor and community-based activities, especially for older adults owing to the requirement for self-isolation, potentially increasing prolonged sedentary behavior (SB). Given a poor tolerance for intense exercise, SB displacement with light intensity physical activity (LIPA) is a promising health enhancing alternative. Therefore, the aims of this study were to investigate the effects of two different types of SB displacement on health outcomes in older adults and any differential impact of associated LIPA pattern.

Minimizing sedentary behavior (without increasing medium-to-vigorous exercise) associated functional improvement in older women is somewhat dependent on a measurable increase in muscle size.

The optimal pattern of sedentarism displacement and mechanisms underlying its health effects are poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to quantify muscle-tendon adaptation in response to two different sedentarism displacement interventions and relate any adaptations to functional outcomes. Thirty-four older women (73±5yrs) underwent skeletal muscle-tendon size and functional assessments.

Displacing Sedentary Behaviour with Light Intensity Physical Activity Spontaneously Alters Habitual Macronutrient Intake and Enhances Dietary Quality in Older Females.

Displacing Sedentary Behaviour (SB) with light intensity physical activity (LIPA) is increasingly viewed as a viable means of health enhancement. It is, however, unclear whether any behavioural compensations accompany such an intervention. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify any dietary changes that accompany SB displacement.

Transmural unipolar electrogram change occurs within 7 s at the left atrial posterior wall during pulmonary vein isolation.

Background: To assess occurrence of a histologically validated measure of transmural (TM) atrial ablation-pure R unipolar electrogram (UE) morphology change-at first-ablated left atrial posterior wall (LAPW) sites during contact force (CF)-guided pulmonary vein isolation (PVI).

Methods: Objectively annotated VISITAG™ Module and CARTOREPLAY™ (Biosense Webster Inc., Diamond Bar, CA, USA) UE morphology data were retrospectively analyzed in 23 consecutive patients undergoing PVI under general anesthesia.

Body Fat Percentage, Body Mass Index, Fat Mass Index and the Ageing Bone: Their Singular and Combined Roles Linked to Physical Activity and Diet.

This study took a multi-analytical approach including group differences, correlations and unit-weighed directional z-score comparisons to identify the key mediators of bone health. A total of 190 participants (18⁻80 years) were categorized by body fat%, body mass index (BMI) and fat mass index (FMI) to examine the effect of differing obesity criteria on bone characteristics. A subset of 50 healthy-eating middle-to-older aged adults (44⁻80 years) was randomly selected to examine any added impact of lifestyle and inflammatory profiles.

Effect of mouthguard design on retention and potential issues arising with usability in sport.

Background/aims: Mouthguard retention could potentially increase an athlete's motivation to wear the device, due to potential improvements in physical comfort. The aim of this study was to examine the retentive properties of selected customised mouthguard designs, during normal conditions (dry) and within the presence of artificial saliva (wet). Additionally, the correlation between thickness and retention was investigated.

Impact of Above-Average Proanabolic Nutrients Is Overridden by High Protein and Energy Intake in the Muscle-Tendon Unit Characteristics of Middle- to Older-Aged Adults.

Background: The impact, within a single cohort, of independent modulators of skeletal muscle quality, including age, adiposity and obesity, habitual nutritional intake, and physical activity (PA), is unclear.

Objective: We examined the bivariate associations between age, adiposity, habitual nutritional intake, and PA against 11 key intrinsic muscle-tendon unit (MTU) characteristics to identify the strongest predictors. We also compared overall profile differences between MTU categories with the use of z scores shown in radar graphs.

A novel approach to mapping the atrial ganglionated plexus network by generating a distribution probability atlas.

Introduction: The ganglionated plexuses (GPs) of the intrinsic cardiac autonomic system are implicated in arrhythmogenesis. GP localization by stimulation of the epicardial fat pads to produce atrioventricular dissociating (AVD) effects is well described. We determined the anatomical distribution of the left atrial GPs that influence atrioventricular (AV) dissociation.

The Effect of Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Techniques on P Wave Duration and P Wave Dispersion.

Background: A reduction in surface electrocardiogram (ECG) P wave duration and dispersion is associated with improved outcomes in atrial fibrillation ablation. We investigated the effects of different ablation strategies on P wave duration and dispersion, hypothesising that extensive left atrial (LA) ablation with left atrial posterior wall isolation would give a greater reduction in P wave duration than more limited ablation techniques.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of ECGs from patients who have undergone atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation was performed and pre-procedural sinus rhythm ECGs were compared with the post procedure ECGs.