Background: Considered the second largest and most diverse microbiome after the gut, the human oral ecosystem is complex with diverse and niche-specific microorganisms. Although evidence is growing for the importance of oral microbiome in supporting a healthy immune system and preventing local and systemic infections, the influence of craniomaxillofacial (CMF) trauma and routine reconstructive surgical treatments on community structure and function of oral resident microbes remains unknown. CMF injuries affect a large number of people, needing extensive rehabilitation with lasting morbidity and loss of human productivity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHypertrophic scars are a common negative outcome of deep partial-thickness (DPT) burn wounds resulting in increased dermal thickness, wound area contracture, and inflammation of the affected area. The red Duroc and Yorkshire porcine breeds are common large animal models for studying dermal wounds due to their structural similarities to human skin; however, the porcine transcriptomic profiles of dermal burn wounds and healing process are not well known. In response, a longitudinal transcriptomic comparative study was conducted comparing red Duroc and Yorkshire superficial and DPT burn wounds to their respective control uninjured tissue.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAngiogenesis is a critical process essential for optimal bone healing. Several and systems have been previously used to elucidate some of the mechanisms involved in the process of angiogenesis, and at the same time, to test potential therapeutic agents and bioactive factors that play important roles in neovascularization. Computed tomography (CT) is a noninvasive imaging technique that has recently allowed investigators to obtain a diverse range of high-resolution, three-dimensional characterization of structures, such as bone formation within bony defects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg
April 2019
Objectives: Small animal maxillofacial models, such as non-segmental critical size defects (CSDs) in the rabbit mandible, need to be standardized for use as preclinical models of bone regeneration to mimic clinical conditions such as maxillofacial trauma. The objective of this study is the establishment of a mechanically competent CSD model in the rabbit mandible to allow standardized evaluation of bone regeneration therapies.
Materials And Methods: Three sizes of bony defect were generated in the mandibular body of rabbit hemi-mandibles: 12 mm×5 mm, 12 mm×8 mm, and 15 mm×10 mm.
J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater
July 2019
At least 26% of recent battlefield injuries are to the craniomaxillofacial (CMF) region. Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) is used to treat CMF open fractures, but several complications have been associated with its use. This study tested the efficacy and safety of a lower (30% recommended) dose of rhBMP-2 to treat mandibular fractures.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: To validate a critical-size mandibular bone defect model in miniature pigs.
Materials And Methods: Bilateral notch defects were produced in the mandible of dentally mature miniature pigs. The right mandibular defect remained untreated while the left defect received an autograft.
Various calcium phosphate based coatings have been evaluated for better bony integration of metallic implants and are currently being investigated to improve the surface bioactivity of polymeric scaffolds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of calcium phosphate coating and simultaneous delivery of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) on the in vivo bone regeneration capacity of biodegradable, porous poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF) scaffolds. PPF scaffolds were coated with three different calcium phosphate formulations: magnesium-substituted β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCMP), carbonated hydroxyapatite (synthetic bone mineral, SBM) and biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTissue Eng Part C Methods
September 2014
Multiple assessment methods are available to evaluate the performance of engineered scaffolds in accepted bone healing animal models. Evaluation and comparison of these methods can aid in the planning of future animal studies, as well as, inform clinical assessments as the engineered scaffolds translate into clinical studies and applications. To evaluate multiple bone assessment techniques, bone regrowth potential of tyrosine-derived polycarbonate (TyrPC) scaffolds loaded with various dosages of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) (0, 10, 25, and 50 μg) was assessed after 16 weeks in vivo in a rabbit calvarial model.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Severe trauma is accompanied by a period of hypermetabolism and disuse. In this study, a rat model was used to determine the effects of burn and disuse independently and in combination on body composition, food intake and adipokines.
Methods: Male rats were assigned to four groups 1) sham ambulatory (SA), 2) sham hindlimb unloaded (SH), 3) 40% total body surface area full thickness scald burn ambulatory (BA) and 4) burn and hindlimb unloaded (BH).