Linear growth of children with X-linked hypophosphatemia treated with burosumab: a real-life observational study.

Unlabelled: To assess the long-term efficacy of burosumab for pediatric patients with X-linked hypophosphatemia, focusing on linear growth. This multi-center retrospective study included 35 pediatric patients who began treatment with burosumab between January 2018 and January 2021. We collected clinical data, anthropometric measurements, laboratory results, and Rickets Severity Score (RSS), from 2 years prior to treatment initiation and up to 4 years after.

Age and Gender Adjusted FT3 Levels as Novel Predictors of Survival.

Context: Lower levels of free T3 (FT3) occur during acute illness, as part of "euthyroid sick syndrome." A chronic form of this syndrome also exists.

Objective: To determine whether thyroid hormone levels predict long-term survival.

Optimal 25-OH-Vitamin D Level in Children Derived From Biochemical Parameters.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the bone-optimal pediatric levels of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25OHD) by testing the level at which 25OHD optimally effects calcium, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone levels in a large population-based dataset. This was an observational retrospective "big-data" study. We analyzed 49 935 25OHD tests from children sampled in Clalit Health Services, Jerusalem district between 2009 and 2019.

Is TSH a Reliable Indicator of Thyroid Hormone Status in Pregnancy?

Thyroid screening is recommended during pregnancy with serum thyrotropin (TSH) as the primary test. However, since human chorionic gonadotropin, the serum hallmark of pregnancy, has TSH-like effects, the adequacy of TSH as a screening tool in this constellation requires further study. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between TSH and thyroid hormones during pregnancy in order to determine if TSH is an adequate screening tool.

Youth-onset type 2 diabetes in Israel: A national cohort.

Background: Prevalence of youth-onset type 2 diabetes (T2D) has increased worldwide, paralleling the rise in pediatric obesity. Occurrence and clinical manifestations vary regionally and demographically.

Objectives: We assessed the incidence, and clinical and demographic manifestations of youth-onset T2D in Israel.

Vitamin D deficiency is associated with higher risks for SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity: a retrospective case-control study.

Robust evidence of whether vitamin D deficiency is associated with COVID-19 infection and its severity is still lacking. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between vitamin D levels and the risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe disease in those infected. A retrospective study was carried out among members of Clalit Health Services (CHS), the largest healthcare organization in Israel, between March 1 and October 31, 2020.

Alarming increase in ketoacidosis in children and adolescents with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Israel.

Objective: To evaluate the incidence and severity of ketoacidosis (DKA) at type 1 diabetes diagnosis during the first wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Israel.

Research Design And Methods: A population-based study the product of a national collaboration of Israeli pediatric diabetes centers investigated the presentation of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes. The frequencies of DKA and severe DKA observed during the COVID-19 period from March 15, 2020 (commencement of the first nationwide lockdown) until June 30, 2020 were compared with the same periods in 2019, 2018, and 2017 using multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for age, sex, and socioeconomic position.

The Effect of Nutritional Therapy on Bone Mineral Density and Bone Metabolism in Pediatric Crohn Disease.

Objectives: Both the inflammatory burden of Crohn disease (CD) and corticosteroids have a negative effect on bone density. Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) avoids corticosteroids and promotes endoscopic healing. We aimed to explore the effect of nutritional therapy on bone health in pediatric CD.

Clinical Criteria Can Identify Children With Osteopenia in Newly Diagnosed Crohn Disease.

Objectives: Chronic inflammation of Crohn disease (CD) is associated with reduced bone mineral density (BMD). As bone mass is almost exclusively accrued during childhood, early recognition of osteopenia is especially important in pediatric CD. We aimed to identify variables associated with osteopenia to guide dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan screening to those who most need it.

The metabolic consequences of overweight in a cohort of children with type 1 diabetes.

Objective To estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity among a cohort of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and its metabolic consequences. Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the Pediatric Diabetic Clinic at Shaare Zedek Medical Center and Clalit Health Care Services. Background information was taken from the patients' files.

Combined Gestational Age- and Birth Weight-Adjusted Cutoffs for Newborn Screening of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia.

Context: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) was among the first genetic disorders included in newborn screening (NBS) programs worldwide, based on 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) levels in dried blood spots. However, the success of NBS for CAH is hampered by high false positive (FP) rates, especially in preterm and low-birthweight infants.

Objective: To establish a set of cutoff values adjusting for both gestational age (GA) and birthweight (BW), with the aim of reducing FP rates.

Levothyroxine Therapy Achieves Physiological FT3/FT4 Ratios at Higher than Normal TSH Levels: A Novel Justification for T3 Supplementation?

In euthyroidism, as thyroid Stimulating hormone (TSH) levels increase, the free triiodothyronine (FT3) to free thyroxine (FT4) ratio increases. The aim of this study was to assess if beyond the euthyroid range of TSH levels FT3/FT4 ratio continues to increase and if levothyroxine treatment reduces this ratio, possibly through TSH suppression. This cross sectional retrospective study included a total of 77 832 patients [age 22.

Celiac Disease and Celiac Antibodies in DM1 Patients: When Are Screening and Biopsy Recommended?

Introduction: The prevalence of celiac disease (CD) is increased in diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1) patients. In most cases, CD is diagnosed in asymptomatic patients and hence periodic screening tests are recommended, but the timing, frequency of tests and indication for duodenal biopsy is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the dynamics of CD serology in DM1 and identify risk factors for CD.

FT3 IS HIGHER IN MALES THAN IN FEMALES AND DECREASES OVER THE LIFESPAN.

Objective: Normal changes in free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels over the lifespan and differences between sexes are not well documented, mainly because even the largest-scale studies available include relatively small cohorts. The aim of this study was to define age-related trends including sex differences based on reliable data.

Methods: A large database including serum thyroid tests drawn in community clinics was studied.

Lower Basal Insulin Dose is Associated with Better Control in Type 1 Diabetes.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that lower basal insulin doses may be paradoxically associated with better diabetic control, we assessed the association between the basal insulin dose and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level in a group of children and young adults with type 1 diabetes.

Study Design: This was a retrospective study of 89 patients with type 1 diabetes (mean age, 14.67 ± 4.

TSH enhancement of FT4 to FT3 conversion is age dependent.

Objective: We previously reported increasing free T3 (FT3) to free T4 (FT4) ratios as thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) increases within the normal range in children. It is not known if this phenomenon is age-related among humans, as previously reported in rats. This study examines the relationships between TSH and FT3/FT4 ratios in different ages.

CLONIDINE STIMULATION TEST FOR GH DEFICIENCY: A NEW LOOK AT SAMPLE TIMING.

Objective: In the glucagon stimulation test (GST), the occurrence of peak growth hormone (GH) levels at typical times is an indication of normal secretion. This has not been studied for the clonidine stimulation test (CST). The 120-minute time is rarely the peak, and previous reports suggest it can be omitted.

Normal limits for serum thyrotropin vary greatly depending on method.

Context: Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels within populations do not follow Gaussian distribution, and normal limits are derived after mathematical normalization. The clinical relevance of these limits is unknown. The objective of this study was to compare upper and lower TSH limits by four data normalization methods with non-normalized data and assess their clinical relevance.

The basal insulin dose; a lesson from prolonged fasting in young individuals with type 1 diabetes.

Background And Objective: The insulin requirement for type 1 diabetes during prolonged fasting is unclear. In order to define this for clinical purposes, we investigated the total insulin dose associated with successful completion of a 25 h religious fast.

Subjects And Methods: Questionnaires were filled in during telephone interviews performed before and after 88 fasts in 57 young individuals with type 1 diabetes (age 20.

Increases in thyrotropin within the near-normal range are associated with increased triiodothyronine but not increased thyroxine in the pediatric age group.

Context: TSH has been shown in vitro to increase conversion of T4 to T3 and to preferentially increase thyroidal T3 secretion. Whether or not these effects are significant in vivo, other than in obesity, is unclear.

Objective: To test whether the incremental relationships between free T4 (FT4), free T3 (FT3), and TSH are compatible with TSH enhancement of a preferential increase in serum FT3.

The arginine stimulation test: timing of peak is not a helpful parameter in the diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency.

Background: A typical peak timing in the glucagon stimulation test has been reported as an indication of growth hormone (GH) deficiency. Other stimulation tests have not been evaluated.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical usefulness of peak timing in the arginine stimulation test (AST) for growth hormone deficiency.

Time to menarche and final height after histrelin implant treatment for central precocious puberty.

Objective: To compare final height, change in body mass index (BMI), and time from end of treatment until menarche in girls with central precocious puberty treated with the histrelin implant versus depot gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist injections.

Study Design: Chart review, interview, and final height measurements of 2 groups of girls with central precocious puberty; triptorelin depot (TD) group: 23 girls were treated from age 8.4 ± 0.

Triptorelin depot stimulation test for central precocious puberty.

Background: Acute gonadotropin responses following depot leuprolide acetate injection are useful for monitoring therapeutic efficacy in central precocious puberty. Similar monitoring of therapy in patients treated with another widely used GnRH agonist, depot triptorelin, has not yet been reported.

Objective: The objective of this study was to test the use of gonadotropin levels after therapeutic injections of depot triptorelin for evaluating efficacy of therapy.

Current normal values for TSH and FT3 in children are too low: evidence from over 11,000 samples.

Background: Current pediatric normal values for thyroid function tests are based on data from relatively few patients.

Objective: To develop new normal pediatric values based on a large sample of children.

Patients And Methods: Data were collected from a computerized database in Jerusalem, Israel, of thyroid function tests taken in community pediatric clinics.